Chapter 21: Immune System

Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens? antimicrobial proteins complement intact skin and mucous membranes inflammation

With what does our immune system coat pathogens to facilitate their capture and accelerate phagocytosis?

Four (or five) cardinal signs indicate inflammation. What specific sign of inflammation is the result of exudate in the tissue spaces?

Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is/are released by mast cells? histamine kinins prostaglandins complement

What characterizes the chemotaxis phase of phagocyte mobilization?

What protein can be released by infected cells to help protect cells that have not yet been infected?

How do interferons protect against viral infection in healthy cells?

Which of the following phases involves white blood cells leaving capillaries? leukocytosis diapedesis chemotaxis margination

Which of the following is an effect of complement activation? tissue repair T cell activation opsonization fever

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed ________.

Innate immune system defenses include ________.

Which of the following is not a complement activation pathway? classical pathway lactate pathway alternative pathway lectin pathway

The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis. T or F

Which of the following are NOT correctly matched? severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID): genetic defect resulting in a shortage of B and/or T cells immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): helper T cells are destroyed by a virus multiple sclerosis: autoimmune disorder

What types of antigen do T cells NOT recognize?

Select the correct statement about antigens. "Self-antigens" is another name for incomplete antigens. Only small antigens exhibit reactivity. The largest type of antigen is called a hapten. One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody.

How does a lymphocyte exhibit immunocompetence?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the adaptive immune response? It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material. It is specific. It has memory. It is systemic.

What cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces for recognition?

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.

The antivenom used to treat venomous snake bites is an antibody produced in an animal such as a horse. Suppose these antibodies are injected into a patient who has been bitten by a venomous snake--how would you classify the resulting humoral immunity?

Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity? antivenoms vaccines infection antibodies received in breast milk

What part of the antibody's structure determines its class?

What occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial endotoxins

Which mechanism(s) of antibody action result(s) in cell lysis?

T cells achieve self-tolerance in the ____

What cell is an antigen-presenting cell?

Which of the following statements regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response is true? A primary response results when naive lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. The antibodies produced in a primary response bind to antigens more efficiently than the antibodies produced in a secondary immune response. A primary response leads to higher levels of antibodies than does a secondary response. A primary response occurs faster than a secondary response.

Vaccines provide what type of immunity?

Which of the following are properly matched? IgG: most abundant antibody IgM: secreted in tears IgA: primary antibody during primary immune response IgE: primary antibody of the secondary immune response

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? booster shot of vaccine infusion of weakened viruses exposure to an antigen passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

The primary immune response ________ occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response occurs when memory cells are stimulated is another name for immunological memory has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies. T or F

What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell?

What activates CD8 cells?

What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells?

Which of the following are NOT appropriately matched? B cells: produce free antibodies helper T cells: destroy infected cells cytotoxic T cells: destroy virally infected cells macrophages: antigen-presenting cells

Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells

Absence results in no immune response

Forms antibody producing cells

Slows or stops the immune system

Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen

T-cell activation requires ________.

What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does NOT receive a co-stimulatory signal?

Which lymphocytes act as the bridge between the cellular and humoral responses?