Chapter 14 - Australia And Oceania

Of the following countries of Australia/Oceania, which is located farthest south? A. Micronesia B. Papua New Guinea C. Honolulu D. Marshall Islands E. New Zealand

In which country are Maoris the indigenous people? A. Australia B. Fiji C. New Zealand D. Solomon Islands E. Vanuatu

Which of the following countries is NOT part of Melanesia? A. Fiji B. Papua New Guinea C. New Zealand D. Solomon Islands E. Vanuatu

What is the greatest potential environmental threat to Oceania? A. desertification B. coastal pollution C. grassification D. climate change E. smog

What is the "Outback"? A. New Zealand's mountainous pasture lands B. Australia's huge, dry interior C. the many islands of the South Pacific D. a trendy neighborhood in Sydney, Australia E. the name that Australians give to Tasmania

Which of the following places is the best example of an atoll? A. the Australian continent B. New Zealand's South Island C. Papua New Guinea D. Tasmania E. Kwajalein

Many forests with this type of tree have been destroyed in Australia to make way for pastures. A. pine B. maple C. eucalyptus D. oak E. bamboo

What caused the dramatic decline in Guam's native bird species? A. climatic change in the region B. the elimination by humans of its food supply C. the thinning of their eggshells and the subsequent death of their young as a result of heavy DDT use on the island in the 1970s D. radiation poisoning caused by nuclear tests of the United States and France E. the accidental introduction of the non-native brown tree snake

Why have countries of Oceania been major supporters of the conventions to limit the production of greenhouse gases? A. They are the largest producers of these gases and want to serve as an example for the rest of the world on the issue of pollution control. B. The Pacific states are the largest producers of wind and solar energy technology, which they can sell to nations that are reducing their carbon emissions and turning to alternative fuel sources. C. The Pacific region has the lowest air quality. D. Greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to global temperature increase, and as sea levels rise, many of the Pacific islands will be drowned if global temperatures continue to increase. E. Pacific Islanders are staunch environmentalists and desire a healthy world environment for everyone.

The brown tree snake A. is a native species of Guam. B. swam to Guam from nearby islands. C. was accidentally introduced to Guam in cargo shipped from the Solomon Islands. D. has proved beneficial to Guam's natural environment. E. was brought to Guam as an exotic pet.

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located? A. off the west coast of Australia B. along Australia's southern coast C. along Australia's east coast D. off the northeastern coast of Australia E. off the southwestern coast of Australia

Which country of the region of Australia and Oceania signed the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, leaving the United States as the only industrialized country that has not signed the agreement? A. Australia B. Fiji C. New Zealand D. Palau E. Samoa

Which of the following countries have discussed introducing the "flatulence " tax to help curb methane emissions? A. Australia B. New Zealand C. Guam D. Nauru E. Papua New Guinea

What land form dominates much of New Zealand? A. volcanic mountains B. wide plains C. lush tropical rainforest D. eroded sedimentary formations E. deserts

What landform and/or vegetation pattern dominates in Australia? A. deserts B. mountains C. plains D. forests E. wetlands

Which part of the Australia/Oceania region receives the least amount of precipitation? A. the northeast coast of New Zealand B. the mid-slopes of the 13,000-foot-plus volcanoes of the island of Hawaii C. anywhere in Samoa D. the largest of the Marshall Islands E. the interior of Australia

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the climates of New Zealand? A. rivers B. latitude C. moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean D. proximity to local mountains E. volcanic peaks

What part of Australia/Oceania is most susceptible to tsunami hazards? A. southern Australia B. New Zealand's South Island C. Tasmania D. Papua New Guinea E. Hawaii

High islands A. typically grow higher once the source of magma is exhausted. B. are rarely fringed by coral reefs. C. usually result from the collision of two tectonic plates. D. are present throughout much of Oceania. E. have no relationship to volcanoes.

An atoll typically has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A. a high central peak. B. a fringing coral reef. C. sand formed from coral. D. an oval or circular shape. E. a lagoon in its center.

What causes a tsunami? A. an earthquake B. a volcano C. a monsoon D. climate change E. orographic precipitation

What event sets off the process that creates an atoll? A. volcanic eruption B. earthquake C. erosion D. nuclear explosion E. rifting

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by A. the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Indo-Australian plate. B. the rifting of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate. C. an active hot spot beneath the moving Pacific Plate. D. large-scale undersea earthquakes building up the land surface beneath the sea. E. plate movement of accreted lands from the U.S. mainland.

What is considered to be the northeastern boundary of Oceania? A. New Zealand B. Hawaii C. Tahiti D. New Guinea E. Melanesia

What non-native species reached plague proportions but were finally brought under control after the purposeful introduction of a disease that only affected this species? A. rabbits B. goats C. frogs D. crickets E. snakes`

What mineral deposits are the reason parts of Micronesia have had jungle cover removed? A. silicon B. nitrates C. gold D. phosphate E. copper

What South Pacific Nation has adopted a "migration with dignity" program designed to develop long-term options for island residents as sea levels rise? A. Solomon Islands B. Samoa C. Vanuatu D. Tuvalu E. Kiribati

Which of the following environmental problems is NOT a major issue in Australia/Oceania? A. Major mining operations have threatened the environment. B. Global warming threatens to drown islands of the region as sea levels rise. C. Wide-scale burning of forests after they have been cleared is creating smoke pollution. D. Exotic plants and animals are leading to the extinction of indigenous species. E. Woodlands have been destroyed to produce pastures.

Looking at the climate map of Australia and Oceania shown below, what type of climate is interior Australia? A. Mediterranean B. humid subtropical C. complex mountain climates D. subtropical desert E. tropical monsoon

What dominates New Zealand's rural landscape? A. viticulture B. irrigated agriculture C. dairy operations D. farming E. ranching

What is the approximate population of New Zealand? A. 1 million B. 4 million C. 8 million D. 10 million E. 12 million

Despite its population of more than 7 million residents, this country is one of the least urbanized countries in the world? A. Australia B. Papua New Guinea C. Fiji D. Nauru E. New Zealand

Which country of the Australia/Oceania region has the highest population density? A. Australia B. New Zealand C. Nauru D. Guam E. Tasmania

What is the largest country (in terms of land area as well as population) in the region encompassing Australia and Oceania? A. Australia B. Fiji C. New Zealand D. Solomon Islands E. Vanuatu

What is the approximate population of Australia? A. 5 million B. 10 million C. 15 million D. 22 million E. 30 million

Why does the population of Nauru cluster together in quasi-urban settings? A. It is a cultural tradition for them to live in close quarters. B. The brown tree snake population is so large and dangerous that the island's inhabitants must live in large, fenced, snake-proof compounds. C. Phosphate mining on the island has left limited room for habitation. D. They are at war with the Solomon Islands and must live in fortified compounds. E. The settlements are located at the few sources of water on the island.

Where do Australian cities tend to be located? A. in the country's interior B. on the western margin of the country C. on the northern portion of the country D. along the coasts E. in the country's mountainous region

In what part of Australia do most of its people live? A. southeast B. southwest C. northwest D. northeast E. the Outback

Using the graphic below, by what year had human migrations settled the Federated States of Micronesia? A. settled by 1200 BCE B. settled by 400 CE C. settled by 200 BCE D. settled by 800 CE E. settled prior to 2500 BCE

Using the graphic below, what age ranges have the highest percent of population in Australia and the Solomon Islands? A. 60-64 Australia and 20-24 Solomon Islands B. 30-34 Australia and 0-4 Solomon Islands C. 25-29 Australia and 10-14 Solomon Islands D. 30-34 Australia and 25-29 Solomon Islands E. 0-4 Australia and 30-34 Solomon Islands

Viticulture refers to the growing of what crop? A. apples B. tomatoes C. cut flowers D. grapes E. kiwi fruit

What language families are spoken in Melanesia? A. English B. indigenous languages C. Papuan D. Austronesian E. Papuan and Austronesian

What is the cultural origin of the majority of Australia's population? A. the Aboriginal population B. France C. Spain D. Britain E. South Asia

In the early days of its colonization, Britain used Australia as a A. source of natural resources. B. source of slaves. C. tourist destination. D. penal colony. E. plantation.

Which of the following areas of Australia/Oceania has NOT been affected by mining? A. Australia B. Hawaii C. Papua New Guinea D. New Caledonia E. Nauru

What is the most urbanized country in the Australia/Oceania region? A. Australia B. Samoa C. Vanuatu D. New Caledonia E. Marshall Islands

What is New Zealand's most important commercial livestock? A. cattle B. hogs C. kangaroos D. llamas E. sheep

Where did Australia's Aborigine population originate? A. New Zealand B. Southern Asia C. Eastern Asia D. Polynesia E. Latin America

When Europeans arrived in Australia, what livelihood was most important to the Aborigines? A. fishing B. pastoral nomadism C. hunting and gathering D. plantation agriculture E. swidden

Besides Indigenous Fijians, what other dominant ethnic group is in Fiji? A. South Asians B. Maoris C. Aborigines D. Chinese E. Europeans

What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy? A. to promote the emigration of Australians who were of European descent to other nations in the South Pacific B. to encourage Australians of European descent to migrate from Australia's densely settled east coast to the more sparsely settled interior and west coast C. It was an ethnic isolationist policy established by the Australian government, which sought to place the country's entire aboriginal population on reservation-like holdings in the far western portion of the country. D. to promote immigration of (white) North Americans and Europeans to Australia E. to clean up the country's white sand beaches, which had been seriously polluted by mining

Who are "uncontacted peoples"? A. people who do not have Internet hook-ups B. people who do not have telephones C. people who do not have access to television D. cultural groups that have yet to be "discovered" by the Western world E. cultural groups, like the Maroons in Latin America, who make a point of living away from major population centers

Why did South Asians migrate to Fiji? A. They had committed crimes in India, and came as prisoners. B. to fill labor shortages in the sugarcane fields C. They came to colonize Fiji. D. They were fleeing civil war in India. E. They came as a result of a government policy in India to relieve overcrowding.

What is the situation today between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians in Fiji? A. The two groups coexist peacefully. B. Ethnic tensions exist between the two groups. C. Intermarriage between the two groups is common. D. The Indo-Fijians have enslaved the indigenous Fijians. E. The indigenous Fijians have enslaved the Indo-Fijians.

Which statement is FALSE about Australia's indigenous Aborigines? A. Indigenous people account for 2% of Australia's population. B. Aborigines account for 30% of the Northern Territory's population. C. Aboriginal populations have stayed the same in numbers, but have differed in geographic residence. D. More than 70% of Aborigines live in cities. E. Thirteen percent of Aborigines still speak a native language.

What country is the largest source of Australia's immigration? A. Great Britain B. France C. United States D. China E. Indonesia

What sport is NOT mentioned as a mark of colonial influence? A. netball B. tennis C. field hockey D. rugby E. football

Where did European colonization of Australia and Oceania begin? A. New Zealand's North Island B. Australia C. the Cook Islands D. the Marshall Islands E. Fiji

In which part of Australia is most viticulture concentrated? A. in the Northern Territory B. just outside of Sydney C. along the continent's southwestern tip D. in the continent's interior E. in the Outback

What are kanakas? A. Pacific Island laborers who worked on the plantations in Australia B. shepherds from Fiji who worked on the sheep farms of New Zealand C. people from the Marshall Islands who were harmed by the nuclear tests there D. an indigenous ethnic group on Bora Bora E. high ranking members of the Maori group

Where in Australia/Oceania do anthropologists have the greatest chance of finding "uncontacted peoples"? A. Australia B. New Zealand C. Fiji D. New Guinea E. Tasmania

About how many different languages have been identified in Papua New Guinea? A. 1 B. 30 C. 200 D. 350 E. 1,000

Which of the following is a major player seeking to expand influence in Oceania? A. United States B. China C. Japan D. France E. All of these countries are seeking to expand influence in Oceania.

What was the purpose of the Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993? A. to restrain the autonomy of Australia's aboriginal population B. to establish an aboriginal state in the northeastern portion of Western Australia C. to grant Australia's aboriginal population the state of Tasmania D. to grant Australia's aboriginal population the right to establish gambling operations on their lands E. to give Australia's aboriginal population greater control over sacred lands

What strategy has been valuable to both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to gain greater control over their ancestral land and resources? A. acts of terrorism B. consumer boycotts C. bribery D. the political process E. civil disobedience

Which country of Australia/Oceania is known by its indigenous people as Aotearoa? A. Australia B. Fiji C. New Zealand D. Tasmania E. New Caledonia

Australia is the world's largest exporter of what? A. aluminum ore B. copper C. iron and coal D. gold E. nickel

What economic activity is most important for Australia's economy? A. high technology B. tourism C. wool production D. mining E. movies

What product is mined extensively on the island of Nauru in Micronesia? A. gold B. phosphates C. lead D. copper E. iron ore

Ninety percent of working tuna boats inside the Exclusive Economic Zones of southern Oceania come from all of these countries EXCEPT A. China. B. the United States. C. Japan. D. India. E. South Korea.

what of the following is incorrect regarding australians and new zealanders? a. low quality health care b. 80-year life spans c. lower child mortality since 1960 d. increased cancer and heart disease e. high levels of alcoholism

What is Australia's main export to China? A. textiles B. consumer goods C. information technology D. iron ore E. lumber

Where are Australia's largest copper, silver, lead, and gold mines located? A. in South Australia B. in the Northern Territory C. in Victoria D. in New South Wales and Queensland E. along the southwest coast

What is New Zealand's current economic strategy? A. It is a socialist state. B. It is one of the most market-oriented countries in the world. C. It is a highly regulated economy. D. It seeks to strike a balance between market-orientation and appropriate regulation. E. Most industries are owned by the government.

Recently, Papua New Guinea has diversified its economy from the export of coconut products and coffee to include what other product? A. silicon chips B. copper and gold C. tropical hardwoods and forest products D. cattle E. sheep

What is the least developed and poorest part of Oceania? A. Micronesia B. Polynesia C. Melanesia D. Tasmania E. New Zealand

How much of Hawaii's economy flows directly from tourist dollars? A. about 1/5 B. about 1/4 C. about 1/3 D. about 1/2 E. about 2/3

What country in Oceania is a favorite of tourists from Japan and Korea? A. Guam B. Bora Bora C. French Polynesia D. Hawaii E. Tonga

Which of the following places exports the most manufactured goods to Australia? A. Saudi Arabia B. United States C. European Union D. Africa E. New Zealand

What did the Closer Economic Relations Agreement of 1982 do? A. taxed imports to New Zealand B. taxed imports to Australia C. established a uniform tax between Australia and New Zealand D. eliminated trade barriers between Australia and New Zealand E. increased exports to China

Using the graphic below, what region of Oahu experiences the highest percent population in poverty? A. central Oahu B. southern Oahu C. northern Oahu D. eastern Oahu E. western Oahu

What were the gender consequences of colonialism on Maori women? A. Missionary schools enforced the idea of female domesticity. B. New Zealand law required Maori women to undergo legal marriage ceremonies that gave property ownership to males. C. Maori proverbs were rewritten to emphasize males. D. Maori women no longer participate in haka war dances. E. All of these answer choices are correct.