US History Final

2 September 2022
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100 test answers

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question
In what way did each colony's government mirror the government of Britain?
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Each had a two-house legislature.
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What was one effect of new British taxes on colonists?
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Outraged colonists protested the new taxes.
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What incident led Parliament to withdraw nearly all of the Townshend Acts?
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the Boston Massacre
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Who argued that people had divinely granted rights, including life, liberty, and property?
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John Locke
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Why was the Declaration of Independence written?
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to declare independence from the British king
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What was the primary reason why George Washington was chosen to lead the Continental Army?
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He was from Virginia, and New England needed Virginia's help to win the war.
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What important responsibility did the Second Continental Congress take on in May 1775?
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the war against Great Britain
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How did the Revolutionary War affect slaves?
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Slavery was eliminated in the North.
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In 1783, the Treaty of Paris _____.
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ceded far more territory to the United States than the colonies had won in the wa
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Battles on the frontier were mostly between which two groups?
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Native Americans and Patriots
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Which of the following contributed to the United States' economic weakness at the beginning of the Revolutionary War?
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the lack of authority to collect taxes
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What is a unicameral legislature?
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a lawmaking body with a single house of elected representatives
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Under the Articles of Confederation, who chose the federal government's Congress of delegates?
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state legislatures
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Under the Articles of Confederation, small states like Rhode Island wielded as much power as large states like Virginia, because _____.
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each state had one vote in Congress
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What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention of 1787?
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to revise the Articles of Confederation
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Which proposal most resembled the Articles of Confederation?
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the New Jersey Plan
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What was the result of the Three-Fifths Compromise?
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more representation in Congress for southern states
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Which of the following was a provision of the New Jersey Plan?
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An executive committee would lead the executive branch.
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The U.S. Constitution contains which provision from the Virginia Plan?
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The government is divided into three branches.
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Which principle provides for a system in which the government derives its power from the governed?
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popular sovereignty
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In order to win support for the Constitution, what did the Federalists promise to add?
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a bill of rights
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Why was the War of 1812 significant to the United States?
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It demonstrated that the new nation was likely to endure.
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Which of the following is true of the Native American warrior Tecumseh?
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His death shattered Native American resistance.
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Why did the War Hawks push for the invasion of British-held Canada?
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to deprive Indians of their main source of arms
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Which naval battle established the U.S. Navy as a strong fighting force?
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the Battle of Lake Erie
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What was one of George Washington's most important precedents?
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formation of a Cabinet
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Which of the following was a part of Alexander Hamilton's plan for restructuring the nation's debt?
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developing a strong commercial and industrial economy
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What was the result of the XYZ Affair?
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It roused public sentiment against France.
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How did the British hope to limit American settlement in the Northwest Territory?
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by providing arms and ammunition to Native Americans
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Why did Jefferson make the Louisiana Purchase?
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He thought that by doing so he could avoid war with France.
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Why was the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison significant?
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It established the power of judicial review.
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Why did railroads have a greater impact on American society than did canals and steamboats?
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Railroads cost less to build and trains provided faster transport.
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How did the Industrial Revolution change the way people worked?
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It enabled machines to do jobs previously done by hand.
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How did the cotton gin change agriculture in the South?
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It made cotton the dominant crop.
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What happened as agriculture became entrenched in the South?
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The South became too dependent on one crop, limiting development.
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How did nullification relate to tariffs in the early 1800s?
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Southern states wanted to nullify tariffs.
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In the early 1800s, new state constitutions expanded the electorate by giving the vote to _____.
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white men without property
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In 1833, South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union if _____.
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the federal government used force against South Carolina
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Why did Jacksonian Democrats oppose the second Bank of the United States?
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They believed it favored a small number of rich investors.
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Why was the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland significant?
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The Supreme Court used a broad interpretation of the Constitution to expand federal power.
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Which of the following showed the impact of nationalism on foreign policy?
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Adams-Onís Treaty
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What did the United States promise in the Monroe Doctrine?
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to stay out of European affairs
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Why did southern whites feel threatened by the Missouri Compromise?
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They believed it caused Denmark Vessey to plan a slave revolt.
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What argument did Southerners give in support of slave labor?
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They argued that slave labor was superior because slaves and slaveholders depended on one another.
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What did Angelina Grimké do as a result of the abolition movement?
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She moved north to join the movement.
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How did Nat Turner show resistance to slavery?
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He organized a slave revolt.
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How did many enslaved people cope with the miserable conditions they faced?
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They kept family traditions alive.
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Why did New Mexico, Texas, and California attract expansionists in the 1820s?
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They were rich in resources and thinly settled.
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In the 1840s and 1850s, where did Mormons, led by Brigham Young, settle?
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in present-day Utah
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Where did Spanish leaders seek to convert Indians to Christianity?
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missions
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.Who were the Mountain Men?
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young American trappers and traders in the Rocky Mountains
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What did expansionists mean by the term Manifest Destiny?
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It was God's will that the United States own all of North America.
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Who seized power in an 1834 Mexico City revolt?
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Antonio López de Santa Anna
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At the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States paid $15 million and left Mexico City in exchange for _____.
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New Mexico and California
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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase increased the area of the United States by _____.
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one third
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Which of the following stirred discord between the North and the South?
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California's application for statehood
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What effect did the California Gold Rush have on Mexican Californians?
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They lost most of their land.
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Why was the Seneca Falls Convention important?
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It was the first Women's Rights Convention in the United States.
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In which of the following did women take active roles in the early and middle 1800s?
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abolition and other movements
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Which of the following marked the beginning of the women's movement in the United States?
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the adoption of the "Declaration of Sentiments"
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In his inaugural address, why did Lincoln refer to the right of each state to control its own affairs?
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to assure the southern states that they would make their own decisions about slavery
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Why did the Confederate States of America write a constitution that prohibited importing slaves from other countries?
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to win the support of Britain and France
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Which party in the 1860 election hoped to heal the political split between the North and the South?
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Constitutional Union Party
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Why did the Fugitive Slave Act anger Northerners?
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It increased federal intervention in the affairs of independent states.
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Which statement was true under the new Fugitive Slave Act passed in 1850?
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Citizens who helped a runaway slave could be imprisoned.
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What was the long term effect of the "Bleeding Kansas" problem?
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The North and South became more divided over the issue of slavery.
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How did Lincoln approach the issue of slavery in his speeches?
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He condemned slavery and affirmed the idea of African Americans' natural rights.
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The growing immigrant population in the United States led to the creation of the _____.
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Know-Nothing Party
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Why did John Brown attack the arsenal at Harpers Ferry?
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He hoped to inspire a revolution to end slavery.
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What best summarizes why part of the nation was upset over the Dred Scott decision?
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The North was upset because the decision declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional.
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Which was a characteristic of the North's economy?
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It focused on technology and industry.
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Which factor most influenced the southern way of life?
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Most crops were tended with slave labor.
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How did African Americans support the war effort?
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After the Militia Act, African Americans fought for the Union.
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What was the Union army's response to the Emancipation Proclamation?
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It began actively recruiting African American soldiers to fight.
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How did African Americans in the South often help Union forces?
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They served as spies and scouts.
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What risk did a soldier face if he survived being wounded in a Civil War battle?
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dying from disease
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Why was the capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi, by Union troops significant?
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It meant that Union troops controlled the Mississippi River ports.
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Which term describes General Grant's strategy for crushing the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg?
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total war
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What was the impact of the Civil War on the South's African American population?
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Many migrated north and west.
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What immediate effect of the war was felt by both northerners and southerners?
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the enormous loss of life
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What group used violence to intimidate American citizens?
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Ku Klux Klan
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Horizontal integration differs from vertical integration in that it _____.
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consolidates many firms involved in the same business into one giant company
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According to the theory of Social Darwinism, what class had the most social value?
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the wealthy
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What was one effect of the conflicts between Native Americans and white settlers?
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Over time, Native Americans lost the ability to effectively resist white settlement.
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Which was a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively?
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mass production
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What role did patents play in the work of inventors such as Thomas Edison?
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Patents protected inventors and let them profit from their inventions
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What is a cash crop?
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a crop grown primarily for profit
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Which of the following was an effect of the transcontinental railroad?
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The population of the West increased.
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How did the new mining towns enforce laws and keep the peace?
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Vigilantes punished lawbreakers.
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What was one of the dangers of living in a tenement?
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Tenements had few windows and poor sanitation conditions.
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Which journalist called attention to the living conditions of tenement dwellers?
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Jacob Riis
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Why was steerage considered the worst accommodations on ships traveling from Europe to America?
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Illness spread quickly through steerage because it was crowded and dirty.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 _____.
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prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country
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What were Jim Crow laws?
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legislation meant to segregate blacks and whites
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Why did minority groups receive only limited benefits from Progressivism?
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Many Progressives held racist ideas about minority groups.
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Why did the U.S. banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s?
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The nation had no central authority to supervise banks.
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What social problem did Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle describe?
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the living and working conditions in Chicago's stockyards
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Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called _____.
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political machines
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Why did Roosevelt run for President in 1912?
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Taft's political decisions angered Roosevelt.
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How did Taft's "rule of reason" differ from Roosevelt's New Nationalism?
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The New Nationalism would back stronger government power to bust trusts, while the "rule of reason" would weaken that power.