Theodore Roosevelt: The Beginnings of Progressive Presidencies

9 September 2023
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Theodore Roosevelt
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26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
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William McKinley
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25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist Theodore Roosevelt was his VP.
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Conservationist
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person concerned with using natural areas and wildlife in ways that sustain them for current and future generations of humans and other forms of life.
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Why did T. Roosevelt become a conservationist?
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After his wife and mother died on the same day, he went to seek peace in nature in the Badlands of the Dakotas.
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Leon Czolgosz
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killed president McKinley in 1901. He was an anarchist, one who believes in the absence of government.
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Square Deal
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Economic policy by T. Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
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Square Deals 3 Cs
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Control of Corporations, Consumer protection, Conservation of Natural Resources
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Coal Strike of 1902
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Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the disput through arbitration.
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Arbitration
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settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider
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Department of Commerce and Labor
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Established in 1903- it was to help Theodore Roosevelt in eliminating most corporate abuses through its investigatory arm, the Bureau of Corporations. The Bureau of Corporations helped break the stronghold of monopolies.
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Elkins Act of 1903
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law that prohibited railroad rebates and punished those who accepted them
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Hepburn Act of 1906
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Strenghtened the Interstate Commerce Act by allowing the ICC to truly nullify existing rates of the railroads
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Trust-busting
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(law) government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies (especially under the United States antitrust laws)
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Good Trusts___________
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looked out for the public
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Bad Trusts ____________
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were greedy for power
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T. Roosevelt believed Good Trusts should be ______________
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controlled
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T. Roosevelt believe that Bad Trusts should be _________
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broken up
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Northern Securities Company
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A railroad monopoly formed by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill which violated Sherman Antitrust Act
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting.
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What was T. Roosevelt's real purpose in trustbusting?
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To prove the government, not business, ruled the country
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1902 Newlands Act
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sold federal lands in the West to fund irrigation projects.
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Irrigation
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the process of supplying water to land to grow crops
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The Newlands Act allowed dozens fo _____________ to be built in the West.
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dams
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Because of T. Roosevelts, conservationism and not have a Christmas tree in the White House caused many Americans to focus on ___________________.
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the nation's natural resources
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Literature which focused on ________________ became very popular in the cities ex. The Call of the Wild by Jack London.
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nature
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1906 Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food & Drug Act
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These two acts were written after "The Jungle"
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The Jungle
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This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
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pharmaceuticals
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medicines, drugs
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adulteration
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mixing in impure ingrediants