Ch.20 APUSH Vocab

The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

The Eugenics movement was an effort to grade races and ethnic groups based on their genetic qualities. The sterilized those who were undesireable for reproduction and believed human inequalities were hereditary and immigration was contributing to the number of unfit people.

Powerful Progressive impulse, to limit and disperse wealth. Had much in common with Populism, and empowered the government to regulate or break up trusts.

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Refers to the way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along on a day-to-day basis.

An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange.

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

American union leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World, and five-time Socialist Party of America Presidential Candidate.

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil

United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities.

A Progressive-style lawyer called "the people's lawyer," and fought for public causes. When nominated to the Supreme Court by Woodrow Wilson in 1916, his appointment drew outrage as his "radical" behavior and anti-Semitism as he was the first Jew on the Supreme Court.

A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation, taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization

Most progressives also saw major problem in great corporate centralization and consolidation, but instead of nationalizing industries wanted federal govt to create balance between need for big business and need for competition

This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality.

Theodore Roosevelt's leadership boiled everything down to a case of right versus wrong and good versus bad. If a trust controlled an entire industry but provided good service at reasonable rates, it was a "good" trust to be left alone. Only the "bad" trusts that jacked up rates and exploited consumers would come under attack

Social movement designed to get the rich and poor in society to live more closely together. Settlement houses were located in poorer neighborhoods and staffed by middle class workers who hoped to share their knowledge and alleviate poverty

The center of Roosevelt's policy was his desire to win for government the power to investigate the activities of corporations and publicize the results. He allied himself with progressives who urged regulation of trusts.

1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program primarily aimed at helping middle class citizens. The policies involved attacking the plutocracy and trusts while at the same time protecting business from the extreme demands of unorganized labor. Wanted to give everyone a shot

A way of being/commitment to secure the interests and welfare of those entrusted to one's care

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

A dissatisfaction with the cult of domesticity, began to celebrate female virtue and support social and political responsibility of women, confidence to break ideals and compete with men, clubs, colleges, divorce, bicycling

Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.

Boston Marriages refer to the relationship between women who lived together, often in long-term, sometimes romantic, relationships.

The preservation and protection of natural resources.

The right to vote

Maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible.

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.

The head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them

A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures.

A law backed by President Roosevelt that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects.

An election in which a voter's choice is confidential to help make elections secure and confidential

A Scottish born American naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.

A political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system

A system of forest reserves and public lands that were expanded by Roosevelt as a way to protect the landscape for continued, rational lumbering.

Elected officials hired an outside expert who was usually a highly trained businessman or engineer to take charge of the government. People believed that this would result in decrease of corruption in politics.

Roosevelt added to National Park System protecting public land from exploitation/development. 1st national park was Yellowstone in Wyoming. Land was added to parks & new ones were created.

A procedure that allows voters to petition to propose legislation & then submit it for a vote by qualified voters

Preservationists lost a major battle in 1913 when the fed gov't allowed San Francisco to build a dam on the high-walled valley of Hetch Hetchy in Yosemite

A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

A serious recession that proved the govt. still had little control over the industrial economy. Conservatives blamed Roosevelt's mad economic policies for the disaster, and the president disagreed, but acted quickly to reassure business leaders that he wouldn't interfere with their private recovery efforts.

A primary election where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office

His presidency showed the growing splits between the conservative and progressive wings of the Republican party

A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired.

A federal agency similar Roosevelt's Bureau of Corporations that investigated and publicized problems with child labor

146 workers died in a fire in 1911, because the owner kept the stairway doors locked to prevent malingering. Stricter local building codes and factory-inspection acts followed.

Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them

African American progressive who rejected the previous ideology of Booker T. Washington. He argued that blacks need political rights in order to make any economic gains and he created the NAACP to make changes

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win

This amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

A political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the 1912 election. Formed by Theodore Roosevelt after he lot the Rebulican Nomination. Also known as the Bull Moose Party.

An act that made the lynching of African Americans illegal and frowned upon. Roosevelt was in favor of this act, but it was never passed.

Wilson was a bold and forceful president who exerted firm control over his cabinet and delegated authority only to those who were completely loyal to him. He supported his progressive program with acts such as the Federal Reserve Act and the lowering of the protective tariff.

Many progressives, women, employers, and political reformers saw the removal of alcohol from American society necessary due to the many problems it created in homes, work-places, and cities.

Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.

Temperance advocates led by Frances Willard formed the WCTU, which became the single largest women's organization in 1911 up to the point in American history. They initially wanted the abolition of saloons, but eventually wanted the complete prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply

Founded by W.E.B Du Bois in 1910 in order to help create more social and economic opportunities for blacks

The first federal law regulating child labor. Prohibited the shipment of goods produced by underage children across state lines.

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.