test (40-46)

Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates a.reaction formation. b.projection. c.regression. d.denial.

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her. Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates ? a. fixation. b.free association. c.reaction formation. d.collective unconscious.

Projective tests are most closely associated with ________ theories. a. social-cognitive b.psychodynamic c.humanistic d.trait

Julie reported that she had a dream in which she was chased by a large dog. According to Freud, Julie's account represents the ________ content of her dream. a.latent b.repressed c.manifest d.empirically derived

Blindfolded university students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates a.social loafing. b.the chameleon

When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of a.the fundamental attribution error. b.the social-responsibility norm. c.the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.d. deindividuation.

Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of? a.passionate love. b.social facilitation. c.self-disclosure. d.the mere exposure effect.

Casandra, who is attractive and likable, has just telephoned Mike and asked him for a date. According to the two-factor theory of emotion, Mike is likely to experience the most intense romantic feelings for Casandra during their phone conversation if he has just a.awakened from a short nap. b.finished eating a delicious meal. c.completed a series of aerobic exercises. d.been studying his history lecture notes.

Professional athletes perform better before an audience than when alone. This best illustrates a.social facilitation. b.group polarization. c.the bystander effect. d.the mere exposure effect.

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of a.the just-world phenomenon. b.deindividuation. c.the bystander effect. d.social facilitation.

Emotional instability is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of a.openness. b.neuroticism. c.agreeableness. d. conscientiousness.

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it. a.predicting; assessing b.describing; explaining c.changing; analyzing

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates? a.the social-responsibility norm. b.deindividuation. c.peripheral route persuasion. d.informational social influence.

Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates? a.the mere exposure effect. b.the fundamental attribution error. c.deindividuation. d. ingroup bias.

Which of the following describes a stereotype? a.Vladimir is especially attracted to Latin-American women. b. Peter feels very uncomfortable interacting with Blacks. c.Robin is convinced that university professors are usually impractical and forgetful. d. Cyril never hires people younger than 16 to work in his restaurant.

Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be Answer a.even more convinced that the death penalty should be abolished. b.convinced that the death penalty should be retained. c.sharply divided over whether the death penalty should be abolished. d.in favor of a more moderate position on the issue.

The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by Answer a.the increased number of suicides shortly after Marilyn Monroe's highly publicized death. b.President John F. Kennedy's ill-fated decision to invade Cuba. c.the tragic murder of Kitty Genovese just outside her New York apartment. d. the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiments.

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a? a.weak id. b.weak ego. c.strong id. d.strong superego.

After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Cindy's reaction best illustrates? a.the fundamental attribution error. b. the mere exposure effect. c.mirror-image perceptions. d.the bystander effect.

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink? Answer a."To proceed democratically, we need to know the honest opinions of all group members." b."We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue." c."Do any of you see any potential problem with our group's position?"

After Manny's father refused to let him use the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. His action is best explained in terms of the? a.foot-in-the-door phenomenon. b.fundamental attribution error. c.bystander effect. d.frustration-.aggression principle.

According to Freud, boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother during the ________ stage. a.oral b.phallic c.anal d.latency

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his? a.superego. b.ego. c.id. d.Oedipus complex.

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an ? a.reaction formation. b.displacement. c.projection. d. regression.

When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in the a.mere exposure effect. b.fundamental attribution error. c.just-world phenomenon. d.bystander effect.

Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room. This is best explained in terms of a.the mere exposure effect. b.social facilitation. c.the bystander effect. d.ingroup bias.

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins best illustrates a potential consequence of? a.deindividuation. b.ingroup bias. c.the bystander effect. d.the just-world phenomenon.

Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow, Jin is striving for a.identification. b. self-transcendence. c.free association.

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a? a.regression. b. projection. c.denial. d.reaction formation.

Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of? a.the mere exposure effect. b.informational social influence. c.normative social influence. d.social facilitation.

Felippe, a 19-year-old university freshman, is very talkative, intelligent, assertive, and politically conservative. Research suggests that he would be most likely to develop a close friendship with a.Toren, who is talkative and assertive. b.Erez, who is quiet and passive. c.Tom, who is intelligent and quiet. d.Fabio, who is politically liberal and talkative.

Sasha believes that the questions on school tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates? a.reciprocal determinism. b.the false consensus effect. c.an external locus of control. d. the spotlight effect.

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates? a.an inferiority complex. b.the spotlight effect. c.learned helplessness. d.an internal locus of control.

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving. She prefers to be around other people most of the time. She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as a.openness. b.collectivism. c. extraversion. d.conscientiousness.

Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.? a.cognitive dissonance b.social exchange c.scapegoat d.the two-factor

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates? a. learned helplessness. b.the spotlight effect. c. self-serving bias. d.the Barnum effect.

Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the a.psychoanalytic perspective. b.person-situation controversy. c.self-serving bias. d.biopsychosocial approach.

Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by a.reaction formation. b.the spotlight effect. c. external locus of control. d.reciprocal determinism.