Substance Abuse Chapter 8 & 9

Each year, more mentally ill persons are _______ than are admitted to state mental hospitals.

The mood disorders include specific phobia.

One of the symptoms of a major depressive episode is decreased or increased appetite.

The latest evidence on the effectiveness of antidepressants is that they are only slightly better than placebos.

The MAO inhibitors are considered to be atypical antipsychotics.

Which of these states has the highest per-capita sales of alcohol?

The alcoholic content of beverages is indicated by the term "proof," which is

Breath samples to determine BAC

Hangover-prevention products sold on TV and over the Internet are actually pretty effective if they contain activated charcoal.

Which of these substances speeds up the absorption of alcohol?

Alcohol metabolism is a two-step process. In the first step, alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.

Age 21 became the legal drinking age in all U.S. states in what year?

All hangovers are most likely caused by the presence of congeners in the alcoholic beverage.

Scientific evidence supports both parts of Shakespeare's 400-year-old statement concerning alcohol and sex: "It provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance."

"Wailing of cats", "out of tune", "workmen in my head" all refer to

Although the exact mechanisms for alcohol's action in the brain are not completely understood, it is now believed that the most important of its many effects is

The alcohol concentration of most wines is about 40 percent.

Among women classified as problem drinkers, the rate of FAS is about

Despite changes in alcohol-related laws and rules, rates of binge drinking and driving after drinking among college students have substantially increased in recent years.

Alcohol is involved in about one-third of all suicides.

A chronic psychotic condition with no known physical cause is likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia.

The introduction of chlorpromazine in the U.S. in 1955 marked the last year in which

Many of the new atypical antipsychotics are known to cause

Lithium was the first effective mood stabilizer.

Phenothiazines and neuroleptics were terms used to describe the early forms of

The perspective that symptoms of a mental disorder lead to a diagnosis that illuminates both the underlying cause and a cure for the disorder is referred to in the text as the

Prozac was one of the early

The antipsychotic drugs that have been marketed in the past ten years, such as Zyprexa (olanzepine), are referred to as

A recent study of the long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs found that

Both depressed and manic symptoms appear in the general classification of

The FDA now requires a printed warning on several selective reuptake inhibitors because they increase the risk of

One indirect consequence of effective drug treatment for serious mental disorders is that more mentally ill people are now in jail or prison than in mental hospitals.

Bipolar I Disorder refers to

Modern antidepressants cure depression by treating the known underlying biological cause of the disorder.

The first antipsychotic drugs were the phenothiazines, introduced in the 1950s.

Alcoholic beverages form when yeasts act upon sugars in the process of

Americans drink most of their alcohol in the form of

Tremors, hallucinations, delusions, and seizures are all symptoms associated with

When alcohol is formed, other related substances are also formed, called

The minimum BAC to be considered driving under the influence in most states is 0.15 percent.

In the U.S., national prohibition of alcohol sales was in effect from

Research studies in which half the participants are told they are drinking alcohol and half are not, with half of each group actually receiving alcohol and half not, are using the ___________ design.

Although national prohibition of alcohol did reduce alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, it was repealed partly because of the growth of organized crime and partly because

Over one thousand people die in the U.S. each year from alcohol overdose. It is particularly dangerous to

One major factor determining individual differences in BAC after drinking alcohol is

Heavy drinkers with Wernicke's disease (vitamin B1 deficiency) also usually exhibit memory deficits and other mental problems associated with

The liver enzyme primarily responsible for metabolizing alcohol is

In studies relating homicide to alcohol use,

In a typical person, intoxication to the point of staggering and greatly impaired sensory perception occurs at about what BAC?

Growth retardation, small head circumference, small eyes, flattened bridge of the nose, and mental retardation are signs of

In the early part of the 20th century, a cure was found for a syphilitic infection that caused a psychosis called

The fastest, and probably the most effective, treatment for severe cases of depression is

Current theories of the antidepressant action of drugs focus less on the initial biochemical effects of the drugs and more on the

What is the average lag period for antidepressants to begin to be effective?

Tricyclics treat depressive symptoms by

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was first used to treat schizophrenia, it is now used primarily to treat

People taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression must avoid

What is the mechanism of action for typical antipsychotics?

A major disturbance of intellectual and social functioning in which there is a loss of contact with reality is called

All selective reuptake inhibitors work primarily by blocking serotonin reuptake.