Spheres Of Influence In Muslim Lands

depending on a crop whose price might go down

weakening the empire as a whole.

building a large army and expanding Egyptian territory.

It gave Britain partial control of the canal and enabled trade with Asia.

economic imperialism.

the Red Sea.

land and resources.

Sick

joint control of Persia's economy.

Britain and France helped the empire win the war.

Russia, the Ottoman Empire, France, and Britain

its oil supply

independence or self-rule for many territories.

It was important for the Europeans to control trade routes that were actually controlled by various Muslim states.

• Egypt won self-rule. • Arabia won its independence from Ottoman rule. • Serbians won the ability for self-rule. • Greece won its independence.

1. They begin to annex or take over various Ottoman land. 2. There is the expansion that led to the Crimean War between the Ottomans and the Russians. Crimea is a small area in the North part of the Black Sea and Russia is North of it.

• Russian expansionism: "Expansionism" was the aggressive policy of invading outside areas to make a territory larger. • Competition for influence in the region: Britain and France allied themselves with the Ottoman Empire because they did not want to see Russia get larger and become more powerful. • "Belligerents" are the people involved with aggressive behavior.

• Russia was defeated in the Crimea War. • The war established a foundation for future struggles in the region of trying to gain control of this Crimea territory. • Russia also realized that it needed to improve its military because it lost militarily to Britain and France. • Ottoman Empire was able to survive. But it remained very, very weak. And it was so weak that it was actually referred to as the "Sick Man of Europe." It completely depended on Britain and France for many of its day-to-day operations. • Europe became more deeply involved in the Middle East because they thought by having a greater control in the Ottoman Empire (Muslim Territory) they would have access to commercial trade. It would bring more power. It would bring greater global influence.

• When was the cartoon published? This cartoon was published in a magazine called Punch magazine in 1896. • What do the figures represent? Well, this person right here is the sultan, or the Muslim leader, of the Ottoman Empire during this time period. • What clues can be found in the text? It says, "Reorganization of the Ottoman Empire. The cost, 5 million pounds." "Pounds" is the type of money, or the name of the money, in Great Britain. So it's saying that the Ottoman Empire is essentially for sale for 5 million pounds. Who is directing this purchase? If you look closely, you can see Russia, France, England. The message of the cartoon is that this sultan, the Ottomans are not in control of their own territory. The Europeans are. And at any time, the Europeans can come in and take the territory away.

• Built a Western style army • Expanded Egyptian territory. • Built a more autonomous Egypt that was not under the control of either the west, or under the control of the Ottomans. • Instituted economic and social reforms. • He introduced cotton (most importantly) to Egypt. Hoped that cotton would become a cash crop Depended a lot on cotton to bring Egypt great deals of money.

• Completed in 1869. • Ali and his successors, made a deal with France to build the Suez Canal. • Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, and the Red Sea gradually leads out to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. • Decreased the time and the miles it took to get from Egypt all the way to India • The canal shortened the travel time for imperial powers such as Britain (almost in half), which increased the amount of trade, and increased the power of these colonial powers.

• Rising debt in Egypt. Egypt only produced one major good- cotton. Cotton prices fell, and the high government spending put Egypt in a great deal of debt, so they needed to be bailed out. • Great Britain bought the majority of the shares in the canal, and they helped buy Egypt out of its rising debt. • Great Britain protected the Egyptian government from riots that were going on. So the British sent troops in and occupied Egypt. • Then Egypt became a British protectorate, where you see the dominant power of Great Britain in overall control of a less dominant power in Egypt.

• Russia was located North of Persia. • Great Britain had lands that it controlled in India. So by controlling the area of Persia, it would give them another way to get to their lands in India. 1. Land for growing cotton and tobacco. 2. Oil reserves. 3. Desirable location between the Middle East and Central Asia.

in 1907 Russia & Great Britain signed a treaty that gave each country spheres of influence in Persia. Persia also signed economic treaties with both nations, and example of economic imperialism giving them control over Persia's Economy, allowing them to control the wealth and increase their power, and ultimately increase their control over the Middle Eastern and Muslim states. Persian-Russian Zone (Northern part of Persia) Persian-British Zone (Southern part of Persia) • British would force the Persian farmers to grow tobacco, as well as cotton.