Sociology- Framing Social Life (pt 2)

- Individuals associated with a group don't have ongoing social relations. - Individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity. - Individuals associated with a group don't share any common attribute. - Individuals associated with a crowd remain in contact. Individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity.

- secondary - reference - primary - in-group primary

- secondary - reference - out-group - primary primary

- primary groups - categories - crowds - secondary groups primary groups

- to see just how extensive the network is - to measure the anomie of the network - to determine if groupthink occurred in a social network - to see if a particular tie is strong or weak to see if a particular tie is strong or weak

- anomie or normlessness. - the rise of hate groups. - unemployment. - a need for new types of etiquette. anomie or normlessness.

- networks - reference groups - out-groups - in-groups reference groups

- an authoritarian leader can strongly influence group members. - peer pressure emerges when a group's task is relatively difficult or demanding. - groups have great power to induce conformity. - the larger the group is, the less each member has a sense of individual responsibility. groups have great power to induce conformity.

- compliance - social loafing - internalization - identification internalization

- peer pressure. - the expressive self. - an out-group. - bureaucracy. peer pressure.

- group polarization. - regression toward the mean. - groupthink. - social loafing. social loafing.

- traditional authority - legal-rational authority - influential power - charismatic authority traditional authority

- Unlike Weber's prediction, few organizations today are structured as bureaucracies. - People who work in bureaucracies may feel alienation as a result of being treated in terms of roles, rules, and functions rather than as individuals. - Their rules are written carefully so as to never impede the purpose of the organization. - They are organized in a way that breaks down hierarchies of management so that all members feel a sense of equality with one another. People who work in bureaucracies may feel alienation as a result of being treated in terms of roles, rules, and functions rather than as individuals.

- criminal activities - violations of social norms - immoral or unethical behaviors - actions that are harmful to society violations of social norms

- violate a law - inspire feelings of revulsion or disgust - cause harm or injury to someone - depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction

- It helps to clarify moral boundaries and reinforce the idea that marital infidelity is wrong. - The public outcry helps rehabilitate the offender so he won't cheat in the future. - It helps protect the family members of the politician from scrutiny and media coverage. - It helps to deter politicians from cheating in the future. It helps to clarify moral boundaries and reinforce the idea that marital infidelity is wrong.

- is a form of cyberbullying, since the anger is generally expressed online. - is unequally distributed, since it is mainly aimed at poor and working-class immigrants. - hurts the economy by preventing immigration. - promotes social cohesion among nonimmigrants as they come together and label immigrants as outsiders. promotes social cohesion among nonimmigrants as they come together and label immigrants as outsiders.

- functionalist theory - conflict theory - principled deviance - differential association theory conflict theory

- American society is very lax in enforcing laws. - The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal. - There are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies. - The media sensationalizes deviant behavior, which is why it becomes increasingly attractive to young people. The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal.

- strain between deviant and nondeviant citizens - strain between socially approved goals and the means of achieving them - strain between different value systems within a society - strain between social norms that are codified in laws and those that are not strain between socially approved goals and the means of achieving them

-Our social locations are a crucial factor in determining how others see us; therefore, social status is the most important determinant of deviance. - We tend to respond to the physical and social marks that discredit our identities and leave us vulnerable to negative social judgments. - We respond not only to the objective features of a situation but also to its meaning. Once meaning has been assigned to our behavior, the consequences of that behavior are determined by the meaning. - We learn to be deviant through our interactions with others who break the rules. We respond not only to the objective features of a situation but also to its meaning. Once meaning has been assigned to our behavior, the consequences of that behavior are determined by the meaning.

- how people manage their stigmatized identities on an everyday basis - how stigma always leads to positive life outcomes - how stigma leads to increased self-esteem - which stigmas are fair and which are unjustly applied how people manage their stigmatized identities on an everyday basis

- moral - tribal - symbolic - religious tribal

- deviance that actively harms someone physically - deviance that relates to a criminal record - actions initially considered deviant, but later deemed appropriate - the acts that come with secondary deviance actions initially considered deviant, but later deemed appropriate

- they will be forced to provide evidence. - others will label them as deviant. - they are real in their consequences. - it will lead to tertiary deviance. they are real in their consequences.