SOC. CH. 4

18 March 2024
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question
Concepts such as I, me, and generalized other are part of which theorist's work?
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George Herbert Mead
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According to dramaturgical theory, the primary goal of every social interaction is:
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to make a good impression.
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Ultimately we hold people responsible for their behavior precisely because they can exercise choice over what they do. This speaks to the limits of socialization that sociologists refer to as:
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agency.
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According to Goffman, when there is a breach (mistake) in an established script, people generally do which of the following?
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work hard to repair the mistake so everyone can move forward
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According to Charles Horton Cooley, we develop a self-concept by:
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interpreting how others think about us.
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Which of the following theories contains concepts such as front stage and backstage and has its roots in the work of William Shakespeare?
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dramaturgical theory
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Janet has a paper due in her English class, a test in her psychology class, and field notes due in her anthropology class this week. On top of it all, she needs to meet with her advisor to plan out classes for next semester. Janet is experiencing:
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role strain
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According to Goffman, we all try to make good impressions on others and we actively work to ensure that others believe they are doing the same. He calls this:
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impression management.
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The sociological significance of roles is that they:
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?lay out what is expected of people.
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The popular television show Sesame Street was created with the explicit purpose of providing educational opportunities for low-income children. Being that this show was successful, we can argue that:
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the media serves as a powerful socializing agent.
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The story of the abused child named Anna teaches lessons about the importance of which of the following influences on human development?
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human interaction
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Front-stage mistakes, such as if your sociology professor accidentally trips as she walks into class one day, are known as:
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breaches.
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A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as:
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resocialization.
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Theories of socialization focus, in part, on how the "self" develops. According to your textbook, the "self" is:
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the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person.
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Using Mead's concept of the generalized other, which of the following explanations would you use to explain why a man "streaked" (ran around nude) at Harvard's graduation ceremony?
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He has a keen awareness of the generalized other and simply enjoys soliciting people's reactions.
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Most sociologists (and biologists) argue that race is a human invention, or is socially constructed. Which of the following statements does NOT highlight how race is socially constructed?
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Racial boundaries provide an obvious and natural means of dividing the world.
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Based on psychologist Sigmund Freud's theory, the superego is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate, pleasure-seeking drives of the id.
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False
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T or F? The basic assumption in psychologist Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach is that human behavior and personality originate from unconscious forces within individuals.
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True
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According to Goffman, the main goal of impression management is to:
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save face
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Which of the following provides a good example of the generalized other?
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A child is taught to say "bless you" every time someone sneezes in her home. When she is at the grocery store one day, the child says "bless you" to a complete stranger who sneezes in the checkout line.
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Which of the following would be the best example of a total institution?
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a convent
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Today's assumption that childhood represents a distinct phase in the life course stands in sharp contrast to the notion of children as "little adults" that was popular in preindustrial times. This example highlights:
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how our notions of childhood are socially constructed.
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Most sociologists (and biologists) argue that race is a human invention, or is socially constructed. Which of the following statements does NOT highlight how race is socially constructed?
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Racial boundaries provide an obvious and natural means of dividing the world.
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Which of the following scenarios involves the use of peer pressure?
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A student decides to go out for drinks after her friends make her feel guilty for "studying too much."
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The process by which people internalize the values, beliefs, and norms required to become functioning members of a given society is known as:
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socialization
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If we place nature and nurture at opposite ends on a continuum, most sociologists would fall toward the nurture end of the continuum. Which statement best explains this tendency?
answer
Sociologists focus on, and as a result give primary weight to, the social environment in explaining how people think, feel, and behave.