An HR director was reviewing the job description for a new position in the Information Technology department of his company. He quickly jotted down a few comments that he would later share with the department manager. Among other things, his comments included suggestions for incorporating more skill variety into the job and a little more autonomy as to how the job might be accomplished from start to finish. As a student of business, you recognize that the HR director believes that a person holding this position would be motivated by ________.
a) job enrichment
b) task repetition
c) equity disbursement
d) management by objectives
answer
a
question
The strategy of making work interesting and motivating employees by moving them from one job to another is called:
a) job enrichment.
b) job rotation.
c) job enlargement.
d) job simplification.
answer
b
question
At Flo Valley Manufacturing, workers are encouraged to find their own solutions to problems, and to implement their solutions when practical. They work with little supervision because management feels they are committed and creative workers. Flo Valley's policy reflects a ________ attitude about workers.
a) Theory Y
b) Theory X
c) Theory W
d) Theory Z
answer
a
question
The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they're being studied is referred to as:
a) The Hawthorne Effect.
b) Theory X.
c) Maslow's Hierarchy.
d) Morgan's pyramid.
answer
a
question
With respect to the development of scientific management, Frederick Taylor's objective was to ________.
a) increase productivity at work
b) decrease the number of work hours per day
c) develop a specialized work force
d) increase worker satisfaction
answer
a
question
Becca works for a large management-consulting firm, as a junior level consultant. She recently learned that another consultant who was hired at the same time has already received a step-up promotion. Becca knows that she has contributed to well-received projects and her projects have received accolades from clients. According to equity theory, Becca may choose to ________.
a) increase her inputs in hopes her efforts will be noticed
b) break apart her job in the same manner as Frederick Taylor would have done, in order to develop more precise methods and thus increase productivity
c) experiment with Ouchi Theory Z ideas
d) convince herself that the promotion is not that important in her workplace situation, due to the fact that the work itself is enough of a reward
answer
a
question
Motivating employees by expanding the number of jobs or tasks that they are involved with is referred to as job ________.
a) enlargement
b) simplification
c) enrichment
d) rotation
answer
a
question
Herzberg's research purposefully directed managerial thinking to ________.
a) a concern for safety first
b) develop interesting jobs which might require problem solving and decision making
c) incorporate a high amount of job security into the job environment
d) develop supervisors with friendly, open door policies that treat everyone the same
answer
b
question
The central idea of MBO is that:
a) employees must be closely supervised, and giving them far-reaching goals will help to achieve that.
b) job satisfaction comes from the ability to learn new skills.
c) managers need to set realistic goals for employees.
d) employees need to motivate themselves by participating in goal setting.
answer
d
question
Recently Tommy switched jobs from a large firm, to a medium-sized firm. As one of four project managers at the new firm, Tommy recognizes that employees have much more respect for his expertise than he perceived at the larger firm where there were a minimum of 25 project managers. According to Maslow, which need in his hierarchy is important to Tommy?
a) Esteem
b) Self-actualization
c) Physiological
d) Safety
answer
a
question
In accordance with Maslow's way of thinking, if Elizabeth secured a good-paying job that paid her enough to live in a decent apartment and buy an economical car, and if she felt that her work location and her home location were relatively safe places, she would ________.
a) have satisfied her physiological needs, and would be moving on to satisfying her esteem needs
b) turn her focus to a combination of social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
c) turn her focus to the next level of needs: social needs
answer
c
question
At the ice cream shop where Kayla works, all shoppers are greeted with the same script: "Welcome to Chill-A-While. My name is ________. How may I help you?" All shoppers must be greeted in less than three minutes after they have entered the shop. Which management theorist would have approved of this method of operation?
a) Herzberg
b) Taylor
c) McClellan
d) Maslow
answer
b
question
Lee Kwon is a Korean worker who has been transferred by his company to the United States for six months to negotiate a supplier contract. Lee is having some problems understanding how to do business in the U.S. He has tried to get to know his U.S. co-workers, but feels rebuffed when they prefer to just get down to business and get things done. The problem could be the fact that Lee is from a(n) ________, and believes building personal relationships and trust is more important than focusing on doing business as his U.S. co-workers are more comfortable doing.
a) company that does not encourage communication
b) high-context culture
c) informal culture
d) low-context culture
answer
b
question
A Michigan State University student spends his summer months in his home town, where he works for a local microbrewery during the evening hours. In the late morning, he attends the local community college, where he takes summer courses that he knows will transfer back to MSU. Although he finds the courses just as challenging as at his regular university, he does not worry about his summer grades affecting his 3.2 (out of 4.0) grade point average, because MSU only accepts the transfer credits. As long as he receives C grades or better, he maintains his current grade point average. Which of the following theories suggests that the student will work only as hard as necessary to earn a C grade?
a) Maslow's theory
b) Expectancy theory
c) Equity theory
d) Objective-setting theory
answer
b
question
According to Herzberg, which of the following would be considered "motivators"?
a) Good pay and clean working environment
b) Good pay and sense of achievement
c) Sense of achievement and opportunity for growth
d) Supervisor's fairness and opportunity for growth
answer
c
question
According to Herzberg, workers felt that good pay and job security:
a) are the most important motivators for most workers.
b) were important for participative management.
c) provided a sense of satisfaction with the job, but did not motivate them.
d) were the best way to keep jobs interesting and to help them achieve their objectives.
answer
c
question
Betty is the assistant store manager at a trendy clothing store. The store hires lots of seasonal employees. Betty has little regard for the skill or ability of those she hires, and she is certain that few would come to work on time each day if it weren't for the fact that the store is known to fire any employee who fails to be on time. As a student of motivational theory, you would describe the management style of Betty as ___________.
a) Theory W
b) Theory X
c) Theory Y
d) Theory Z
answer
b
question
Elton Mayo's famous experiment at the Hawthorne Plant concluded ________.
a) there was a human side to the work environment that essentially gets in the way and most often jeopardizes productivity
b) a physical environment with dark rooms can particularly decrease productivity because it puts workers to sleep
c) robotics has been highly successful in work environments because workers find socialization at work to be highly toxic
d) people who perceive that management permits them to contribute to work decisions might be more productive
answer
d
question
According to Maslow's theory, when a need is satisfied:
a) another, higher-level need emerges and motivates a person to satisfy that need.
b) it will continue to motivate a person, but not as strongly.
c) we are content, and will continue to work, but will only be motivated by more money.
d) the need disappears, and will not re-appear.
answer
a
question
Frederick Taylor believed the best way to improve worker productivity was to:
a) determine people's needs at work and find ways to meet those needs.
b) give people the authority to make decisions.
c) scientifically determine the most efficient way to perform a task and then teach people exactly how to perform it.
d) design jobs to be interesting and challenging.
answer
c
question
Which of the following approaches suggests that a manager believes that employees should be involved in both defining problems and in designing the solutions?
a) Taylor's Scientific Management
b) McGregor's Theory Y
c) Enloe's First Involvement Theory
d) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
answer
b
question
William Ouchi's Theory Z recognized ________.
a) the merits of a hybrid form of Japanese style management and American style of management
b) the combined efforts of Frederick Taylor and Elton Mayo, and created a hybrid approach to management that reflected Taylor's concern for productivity and Mayo's lesser concern for the human side of management
c) the combined benefits of Theory X and Theory Y style managers, particularly the motivation by fear of Theory X managers and the belief that employees like work, as perceived by Theory Y managers
d) that conformity was the only way to manage successfully
answer
a
question
Generation X managers:
a) have narrower viewpoints than their predecessors.
b) most likely closely supervise their workers, especially the Generation Y workers.
c) tend to focus more on results than on hours in the workplace.
d) tend to be inflexible and irritable.
answer
c
question
McGregor recognized that ________.
a) the lower-order needs of workers were usually satisfied after higher-order needs were satisfied
b) worker attitude toward managers affected how managers proceeded to motivate
c) there are no purists. Managers' attitudes toward employees are a combination of learned behavior and situational behavior
d) their attitude toward workers affected how managers proceeded to motivate
answer
d
question
Herzberg's hygiene factors include:
a) salary.
b) achievement.
c) work itself.
d) recognition.
answer
a
question
Intrinsic reward
answer
the personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals. The belief that your work makes a significant contribution to the organization or to society is a form of intrinsic reward.
question
Extrinsic reward
answer
given to you by someone else as recognition for good work. Examples may include a pay increase, praise, and promotion.
question
Fredrick Taylor
answer
a U.S. efficiency engineer who wrote The principles of Scientific Management in 1911, which earned him the title of "father of scientific management." His goal was to increase worker productivity to benefit both the firm and the workers.
question
Scientific management
answer
the method of studying workers to find the most effective ways to do things, determining the one "best way" to perform each task, and then teach people those methods.
question
Three elements of the scientific method
answer
time, method, and rules of work
question
Henry L. Gantt,
answer
a follower of Taylor and developed carts by which managers plotted the work of employees a day in advance down to the smallest detail, which led to the principle of motion economy.
question
Principle of motion economy
answer
a theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions, they then analyzed each motion to make it more efficient.
question
Time-motion studies
answer
began by Frederick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task.
question
Researchers now use the __________ to refer to people's tendency to behave differently when they know they're being studied. The Hawthorne study's results encouraged researchers to study human motivation and the managerial styles that lead to higher productivity,
answer
Howthorne effect
question
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
answer
a theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs.
question
Herzberg's motivating factors
answer
Fredrick Herzberg conducted a study by asking workers to tank various job-related factors in order of importance relative to motivation.
question
Herzberg's motivating factors:, The most important factors were:
answer
1. Sense of achievement
2. Earned recognition
3. Interest in the work itself
4. Opportunity for growth
5. Opportunity for advancement
question
Motivators
answer
Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, are job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction.
question
Examples of motivators
answer
work itself, achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth and advancement
question
Hygiene factors
answer
Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, are job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased.
question
Examples of Hygiene factors:
answer
Company policy and administration, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, and job security.
question
Douglas McGregor
answer
observed that motivating people at work depends greatly on their attitudes towards workers, me observed that managers' attitudes generally fall into one of two entirely different sets of managerial assumptions, which he called theory X and theory Y.
question
The assumption of theory X management:
answer
- The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible
- Because of this dislike, workers must be forced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment to make them put forth the effort to achieve the organization's goals.
question
The assumption of theory Y management:
answer
- Most people like work; it is as natural as play or rest
- Most people naturally work toward goals to which they are committed
- The depth of a person's commitment to goals depends on the perceived towards for achieving them.
- Under certain conditions, most people not only accept but also seek responsibility
- People are capable of using a relatively high degree of imagination, creativity, and cleverness to solve problems.
question
Empowerment
answer
giving employees authority to make decisions and tools to implement the decisions they make
question
Type A (American)
answer
Short-term employment
Individual decisions making
Individual responsibility
Rapid evaluation and promotion
Explicit. Formalized control
Specialized career paths
Segmented concern for employees
question
Type Z (Modified American )
answer
Long-term Employment
Collective decision making
Individual responsibility
Slow evaluation and promotion
Implicit, informal control with explicit, formalized control
Moderately specialized career paths
Holistic concern for employees (including families)
question
Type J (Japanese)
answer
Lifetime Employment
Consensual decision making
Collective responsibility
Slow evaluation and promotion
Implicit, informal control
Nonspecialized career paths
Holistic concern for employees
question
Theory X
answer
Employees dislike work and will try to avoid it
Employees prefer to be controlled and directed
Employees seek security, not responsibility
Employees must be intimidated by managers to perform
Employees are motivated by financial rewards
question
Theory Y
answer
Employees view work as a natural part of life
Employees prefer limited control and direction
Employees will seek responsibility under proper work conditions
Employees perform better in work environments that are no intimidating
Employees are motivated by many different needs
question
Theory Z
answer
Employee involvement is the key to increased productivity
Employee control is implied and informal
Employees prefer to share responsibility and decision making
Employees perform better in environments that foster trust and cooperation
Employees need guaranteed employment and will accept slow evaluations and promotions
question
Goal-setting theory
answer
the idea that setting ambitions but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.
question
Management by objectives (MBO)
answer
a system of goal setting and implementation; it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees. This is most effective in relatively stable situations when managers can make long-range plans and implement them with few changes
question
Expectancy theory
answer
Victor Vroom's theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome
question
Vroom believes that employees ask three questions before committing their maximum effort to a task:
answer
1. Can I accomplish the task?
2. If I do accomplish it, what's my reward?
3. Is the reward worth the effort?
question
Reinforcement theory
answer
states that positive and negative reinforces motivate a person to behave in certain ways
question
Equity theory
answer
the idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions
question
Job enrichment
answer
a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself
question
Job enlargement
answer
a job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenge and interesting assignment.
question
Job rotation
answer
a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another
question
The responsibilities of a manger implementing MBO include:
answer
- Rewarding employee accomplishments
- Setting goals with the employee
question
Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as _______ studies.
answer
Time-motion
question
t/f. the initial result of the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that no matter what type of lighting was provided worker productivity increased
answer
True
question
With respect to the development of scientific management, Frederick Taylor's objective was to ___
answer
Increase productivity at work
question
Frederick Taylor believed the best way to improve worker productivity was to
answer
Scientifically determine the most effective way to perform a task and then teach people exactly how to perform it.
question
Elton Mayo's famous experiment at the Hawthorne Plant concluded:
answer
People who perceive that management permits them to contribute to work decisions might be more productive
question
The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they're being studied it referred to as:
answer
The Hawthorne effect
question
According to Maslow's theory, when a need is satisfied:
answer
Another, higher-level need emerges and motivates a person to satisfy that need
question
Recently tommy switched jobs from a large firm, to a medium-sized firm. As one of four project managers at the new firm, Tommy recognized that employees have much more respect for his expertise than he perceived at the larger firm where there were a minimum of 15 project managers. According to Maslow, which need in his hierarchy is important to Tommy?
answer
Esteem
question
In accordance with Maslow's way of thinking, if Elizabeth secured a good-paying job that paid her enough to live in a decent apartment and buy an economical car, and if she felt that her work location and her home location were relatively safe places, she would:
answer
Turn her focus to the next level of needs: social needs
question
According to Herzberg, workers felt that good pay and job security:
answer
Provided a sense of satisfaction with the job, but did not motivate them
question
Herzberg's hygiene factors included
- Achievement
- Salary
- Work itself
- Recognition
answer
Salary
question
According to Herzberg, which would be considered "motivators"
- Good pay and clean working environment
- Good pay and sense of achievement
- Sense of achievement and opportunity for growth
- Supervisor's fairness and opportunity for growth
answer
Sense of achievement and opportunity for growth
question
c
answer
Which of the following would be considered when discussing the marketing mix variables?
a) Minimizing the financing cost of producing the product.
b) Determining production schedules.
c) Setting a price for the product.
d) Financing the acquisition of new machinery.
question
b
answer
As Mac and Zach explore the possibility of starting a youth sports academy, they collect demographic and lifestyle information about the families who would potentially buy their service. This exercise will help to better identify their ________.
a) ability to become good business persons
b) target market
c) affinity for the business world
d) product offering
question
c
answer
The increase in the number of older Americans has created a growing demand for nursing homes, health care, continuing education and more. This is as a result of the changes in the ____________ factors in the environment.
a) economic
b) technological
c) sociocultural
d) global
question
c
answer
Which of the following products would be considered as part of the business-to-business market?
a) pens and pencils for that student
b) classes at a university for a college freshman
c) a computer for the instructor to use while teaching the class
d) books for the class members
question
a
answer
Mac and Zach want to start their own youth sports academy aiming to teach baseball skills to young boys. Which of the following steps in the marketing process is a good place to begin?
a) Find out what young baseball players want to achieve and what's important to them.
b) Create the pricing structure for their new idea.
c) Locate a building that is centrally located.
d) Design the product and service they plan to offer.
question
a
answer
Recently, Mac and Zach's Youth Sports Academy has had several inquiries about girls' softball. While scanning the ____________ environment in their service area, they become aware of the growing importance of girls' sports, and particularly girls' softball. Girls' softball received a boost in their local market when the high school team won the state championship. Mac and Zach are seriously considering expanding their operation to include softball skill lessons for young girls.
a) sociocultural
b) competitive
c) economic
d) technological
question
c
answer
Once Mac and Zach have a better understanding of the kinds of baseball skills that local youth want to acquire, they can begin to prepare the ________________.
a) break-even zone
b) legal verification documents
c) marketing mix
d) certification process
question
c
answer
Marketing is as much about helping sellers sell products and services, as it is about __________.
a) examining the returns on investment
b) costing those products and services
c) helping buyers buy
d) organizing the business for productivity
question
b
answer
Marketing strategies for the business-to-business market:
a) are basically similar to the consumer market, because business buyers are also consumers.
b) differ from consumer marketing strategies because the nature of the buyers is different.
c) are not concerned with relationship marketing techniques.
d) are concerned with the same types of purchasing influences as those in the consumer market.
question
b
answer
When Sun-2-Shade needed some information about the potential market for their product, the marketing team looked to the Internet to find industry trends, and at the market for eyewear products, which uses the same technology that is used in their self-darkening windshield. The type of information the marketing team was using is referred to as:
a) surveys.
b) secondary data.
c) focus groups.
d) primary data.
question
b
answer
Up until now, Mac and Zach's Youth Sports Academy has served the ____________ market. Just recently, the local high school contacted them inquiring about practice space for boys' baseball and girls' softball during bad weather. If they negotiate a contract with the high school, they will also be serving the ___________ market.
a) B2B; consumer
b) consumer; B2B
c) female softball; boys' baseball
d) sociocultural; competitive
question
b
answer
Through environmental scanning, marketers can learn new ways to reach prospective customers. As they scan the _____________ environment, Mac and Zach hope to buy the most state-of-the-art mechanical pitching arms for their youth sports academy.
a) social
b) technological
c) global
d) economic
question
d
answer
When Maritza Toros opened her Mexican restaurant in a fashionable suburb of Kansas City, she believed that the most important element of her success would be promotion. She made sure that a significant portion of her budget was devoted to advertising in local papers, sent out coupons and really focused on the promotional aspects of the restaurant. Which of the four eras of marketing does it seem that Maritza emphasized?
a) Marketing
b) Production
c) Customer relationship management
d) Selling
question
c
answer
Two baseball leagues in the city, where Mac and Zach plan to open their sports academy, agreed to allow them to distribute an e-mail survey to their league players. In order to capture this opportunity, Mac quickly put together a set of 15 questions that inquire about the type of skills (batting, pitching, fielding, running) that league players want to develop. The survey and subsequent information this research would glean is called ________________ data.
a) focus group
b) secondary
c) primary
d) tertiary
question
c
answer
When McDonald's considered adding pizza to their menu, the company made pizza available in some of their more established markets, to determine customer reactions. That process is called:
a) concept coordination.
b) outsourcing.
c) test marketing.
d) promotion.
question
a
answer
Market segmentation is about dividing the total market for a product or service into groups with similar characteristics and needs. Marketers often divide the total market for their products and services demographically, either by age, education, or income level. If they wanted to know if all 18-year-olds in their market had similar TV show and movie interests, their inquiry would also focus on _____________ segmentation.
a)psychographic
b) geographic
c) volume
d) benefit
question
b
answer
After one year of operation, Mac and Zach learned that several enthusiastic baseball players were driving to a larger town to receive similar services. In order to learn about the potential customers who were going elsewhere for service, Mac and Zach proceeded to look online to determine how competitors' services differed from theirs. They learned that competitors were open longer hours on weekends, and even had celebrity endorsements. The new information they gathered, and its interpretation was the _______________ part of the marketing research process.
a) data gathering
b) analysis
c) creation of the research questions
d) venture finding
question
c
answer
What is the first step in the marketing research process?
a) Analyzing data
b) Develop and establishing potential solutions
c) Defining the problem
d) Collecting data
question
a
answer
Lauren is heading home from work and realizes she forgot to buy cat food during her lunch hour. As she navigates the traffic, she tries to decide where it will be most convenient to stop. She could go to the large discount store, which would give her the best price, but the lines are usually long after work. There are a couple of convenience stores on her route, but she isn't certain they will have her cat's brand. The grocery store is no better than the discount store after work. She settles on one of the drug store chains that also has just about everything. It is larger than the convenience stores, but never as crowded as the grocery store or discount store. In terms of consumer behavior, _____________ influences have guided Lauren's decision.
a) situational
b) cognitive dissonance
c) radical
d) reference group
question
a
answer
Focusing on long-term customer loyalty is called ____________.
a) customer relationship management
b) customer linkage marketing
c) customer care processes
d) promotional marketing
question
d
answer
Business-to-business (B2B) customers _________________.
a) tend to be geographically dispersed, rather than concentrated
b) are more numerous compared to consumer customers
c) never require personal selling, as do consumers
d) tend to be more rational in their decision making than individual consumers
question
a
answer
Marketers constantly require good information if they are to meet or exceed their customers' expectations. When performing marketing research, Mac and Zach's first step is to:
a) determine the type of information (the question) they are seeking to solve.
b) collect research data from secondary and primary sources.
c) cross-tabulate the data into quantifiable statements.
d) analyze any data they receive from outside sources.
question
b
answer
The idea behind the marketing concept is ___________.
a) building satisfying relationships between buyers and sellers, even if some years the seller experiences losses
b) a mutually beneficial exchange between buyers and sellers, where buyers receive quality products and good service, and sellers realize a profit
c) increasing productivity, by creating innovative products and producing as much as possible, in a short amount of time
d) understanding how to sell each and every product available, in a transactional type environment
question
d
answer
Intermediaries are:
a) consumers who are in the middle of the consumer decision-making process.
b) social service agencies responsible for evaluating the ethical considerations involved in developing a new product.
c) companies responsible for developing products to sell to businesses.
d) organizations that are in the middle of a series of organizations that distribute goods from producers to consumers.
question
c
answer
At one time, companies developed products and promotions to please large groups of people, and tried to sell as many products to as many people as possible. This is known as:
a) forming a community of buyers.
b) a consumer orientation.
c) mass marketing.
d) relationship marketing.
question
An HR director was reviewing the job description for a new position in the Information Technology department of his company. He quickly jotted down a few comments that he would later share with the department manager. Among other things, his comments included suggestions for incorporating more skill variety into the job and a little more autonomy as to how the job might be accomplished from start to finish. As a student of business, you recognize that the HR director believes that a person holding this position would be motivated by ________.
a) job enrichment
b) task repetition
c) equity disbursement
d) management by objectives
answer
a
question
The strategy of making work interesting and motivating employees by moving them from one job to another is called:
a) job enrichment.
b) job rotation.
c) job enlargement.
d) job simplification.
answer
b
question
At Flo Valley Manufacturing, workers are encouraged to find their own solutions to problems, and to implement their solutions when practical. They work with little supervision because management feels they are committed and creative workers. Flo Valley's policy reflects a ________ attitude about workers.
a) Theory Y
b) Theory X
c) Theory W
d) Theory Z
answer
a
question
The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they're being studied is referred to as:
a) The Hawthorne Effect.
b) Theory X.
c) Maslow's Hierarchy.
d) Morgan's pyramid.
answer
a
question
With respect to the development of scientific management, Frederick Taylor's objective was to ________.
a) increase productivity at work
b) decrease the number of work hours per day
c) develop a specialized work force
d) increase worker satisfaction
answer
a
question
Becca works for a large management-consulting firm, as a junior level consultant. She recently learned that another consultant who was hired at the same time has already received a step-up promotion. Becca knows that she has contributed to well-received projects and her projects have received accolades from clients. According to equity theory, Becca may choose to ________.
a) increase her inputs in hopes her efforts will be noticed
b) break apart her job in the same manner as Frederick Taylor would have done, in order to develop more precise methods and thus increase productivity
c) experiment with Ouchi Theory Z ideas
d) convince herself that the promotion is not that important in her workplace situation, due to the fact that the work itself is enough of a reward
answer
a
question
Motivating employees by expanding the number of jobs or tasks that they are involved with is referred to as job ________.
a) enlargement
b) simplification
c) enrichment
d) rotation
answer
a
question
Herzberg's research purposefully directed managerial thinking to ________.
a) a concern for safety first
b) develop interesting jobs which might require problem solving and decision making
c) incorporate a high amount of job security into the job environment
d) develop supervisors with friendly, open door policies that treat everyone the same
answer
b
question
The central idea of MBO is that:
a) employees must be closely supervised, and giving them far-reaching goals will help to achieve that.
b) job satisfaction comes from the ability to learn new skills.
c) managers need to set realistic goals for employees.
d) employees need to motivate themselves by participating in goal setting.
answer
d
question
Recently Tommy switched jobs from a large firm, to a medium-sized firm. As one of four project managers at the new firm, Tommy recognizes that employees have much more respect for his expertise than he perceived at the larger firm where there were a minimum of 25 project managers. According to Maslow, which need in his hierarchy is important to Tommy?
a) Esteem
b) Self-actualization
c) Physiological
d) Safety
answer
a
question
In accordance with Maslow's way of thinking, if Elizabeth secured a good-paying job that paid her enough to live in a decent apartment and buy an economical car, and if she felt that her work location and her home location were relatively safe places, she would ________.
a) have satisfied her physiological needs, and would be moving on to satisfying her esteem needs
b) turn her focus to a combination of social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
c) turn her focus to the next level of needs: social needs
answer
c
question
At the ice cream shop where Kayla works, all shoppers are greeted with the same script: "Welcome to Chill-A-While. My name is ________. How may I help you?" All shoppers must be greeted in less than three minutes after they have entered the shop. Which management theorist would have approved of this method of operation?
a) Herzberg
b) Taylor
c) McClellan
d) Maslow
answer
b
question
Lee Kwon is a Korean worker who has been transferred by his company to the United States for six months to negotiate a supplier contract. Lee is having some problems understanding how to do business in the U.S. He has tried to get to know his U.S. co-workers, but feels rebuffed when they prefer to just get down to business and get things done. The problem could be the fact that Lee is from a(n) ________, and believes building personal relationships and trust is more important than focusing on doing business as his U.S. co-workers are more comfortable doing.
a) company that does not encourage communication
b) high-context culture
c) informal culture
d) low-context culture
answer
b
question
A Michigan State University student spends his summer months in his home town, where he works for a local microbrewery during the evening hours. In the late morning, he attends the local community college, where he takes summer courses that he knows will transfer back to MSU. Although he finds the courses just as challenging as at his regular university, he does not worry about his summer grades affecting his 3.2 (out of 4.0) grade point average, because MSU only accepts the transfer credits. As long as he receives C grades or better, he maintains his current grade point average. Which of the following theories suggests that the student will work only as hard as necessary to earn a C grade?
a) Maslow's theory
b) Expectancy theory
c) Equity theory
d) Objective-setting theory
answer
b
question
According to Herzberg, which of the following would be considered "motivators"?
a) Good pay and clean working environment
b) Good pay and sense of achievement
c) Sense of achievement and opportunity for growth
d) Supervisor's fairness and opportunity for growth
answer
c
question
According to Herzberg, workers felt that good pay and job security:
a) are the most important motivators for most workers.
b) were important for participative management.
c) provided a sense of satisfaction with the job, but did not motivate them.
d) were the best way to keep jobs interesting and to help them achieve their objectives.
answer
c
question
Betty is the assistant store manager at a trendy clothing store. The store hires lots of seasonal employees. Betty has little regard for the skill or ability of those she hires, and she is certain that few would come to work on time each day if it weren't for the fact that the store is known to fire any employee who fails to be on time. As a student of motivational theory, you would describe the management style of Betty as ___________.
a) Theory W
b) Theory X
c) Theory Y
d) Theory Z
answer
b
question
Elton Mayo's famous experiment at the Hawthorne Plant concluded ________.
a) there was a human side to the work environment that essentially gets in the way and most often jeopardizes productivity
b) a physical environment with dark rooms can particularly decrease productivity because it puts workers to sleep
c) robotics has been highly successful in work environments because workers find socialization at work to be highly toxic
d) people who perceive that management permits them to contribute to work decisions might be more productive
answer
d
question
According to Maslow's theory, when a need is satisfied:
a) another, higher-level need emerges and motivates a person to satisfy that need.
b) it will continue to motivate a person, but not as strongly.
c) we are content, and will continue to work, but will only be motivated by more money.
d) the need disappears, and will not re-appear.
answer
a
question
Frederick Taylor believed the best way to improve worker productivity was to:
a) determine people's needs at work and find ways to meet those needs.
b) give people the authority to make decisions.
c) scientifically determine the most efficient way to perform a task and then teach people exactly how to perform it.
d) design jobs to be interesting and challenging.
answer
c
question
Which of the following approaches suggests that a manager believes that employees should be involved in both defining problems and in designing the solutions?
a) Taylor's Scientific Management
b) McGregor's Theory Y
c) Enloe's First Involvement Theory
d) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
answer
b
question
William Ouchi's Theory Z recognized ________.
a) the merits of a hybrid form of Japanese style management and American style of management
b) the combined efforts of Frederick Taylor and Elton Mayo, and created a hybrid approach to management that reflected Taylor's concern for productivity and Mayo's lesser concern for the human side of management
c) the combined benefits of Theory X and Theory Y style managers, particularly the motivation by fear of Theory X managers and the belief that employees like work, as perceived by Theory Y managers
d) that conformity was the only way to manage successfully
answer
a
question
Generation X managers:
a) have narrower viewpoints than their predecessors.
b) most likely closely supervise their workers, especially the Generation Y workers.
c) tend to focus more on results than on hours in the workplace.
d) tend to be inflexible and irritable.
answer
c
question
McGregor recognized that ________.
a) the lower-order needs of workers were usually satisfied after higher-order needs were satisfied
b) worker attitude toward managers affected how managers proceeded to motivate
c) there are no purists. Managers' attitudes toward employees are a combination of learned behavior and situational behavior
d) their attitude toward workers affected how managers proceeded to motivate
answer
d
question
Herzberg's hygiene factors include:
a) salary.
b) achievement.
c) work itself.
d) recognition.
answer
a
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