QUIZ 5: LEARNING

Watson and Rayner used _____ along with an unconditional stimulus in order to condition fear in little Albert.

Learning that occurs when an organism makes a connection between two events is called

While watching television, you can see how advertisers cunningly apply classical-conditioning principles to consumers by showing ads that pair something pleasant with a product in hope that you, the viewer, will experience those positive feelings toward the product. In this situation, the product is the

Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

Taste aversion is an example of

Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions. Her response is an example of a

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket. This reaction is most likely a(n)

In classical-conditioning situations, the _____ is unlearned, but the _____ is learned.

_____ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired.

A father takes his baby out for a walk. The baby reaches over to touch a pink flower and is stung by a bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, the baby's mother brings home some pink flowers. The mother removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. The baby cries loudly as soon as she sees it. According to the principles of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus in this scenario is the

In the context of classical conditioning, _____ occurs when the conditioned response dissipates after the anticipated reward is withheld.

_____ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.

Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate learning. Which of the following should be included on your list?

Mark's dog, Gus, sits whenever he says, "Sit." Mark now wants to teach Gus a new trick. He wants to teach him to bark each time he says, "Speak," but whenever Mark says, "Speak," Gus sits. The dog's behavior is most likely an example of

Leonard is addicted to heroin, but is very careful about overdosing. He always uses a specific amount and takes it only in his apartment. On Friday, he became desperate for the drug while visiting with another drug user. This was the first time he had used heroin outside his own apartment. He injected his normal "safe" dose of heroin but almost died of an overdose. According to the principles of classical conditioning what led to Leonard's condition?

Before the bell was ever presented, Pavlov's dog salivated each time food was presented. In this situation, salivation is the

Which of the following is true with regard to the principles of behaviorism?

According to Thorndike's law of effect,

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Some bears kept in the zoo allow veterinarians to routinely give them total body checkups. These bears open their mouths for teeth cleaning and present their paws for nail clipping. Your friend wonders how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. You, however, a psychology student, quickly surmise that the bears had most likely undergone

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys. His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased. Scolding Todd is an example of

Positive and negative punishment are meant to

A hitchhiker most likely gets rides on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning?

In operant conditioning, discrimination occurs when

Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through

Larry is grounded each time he hits his little brother. After a few times of being grounded, Larry's misbehavior toward his little brother decreases. Grounding Larry is an example of

Shirley repeatedly ends up receiving bad grades in algebra no matter how hard she studies. Eventually, Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will enable her to get good grades. In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies

Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's house. He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music. In this scenario, Liam's behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning.

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs when

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, they are rewarded every time with fish after they successfully complete their act. The sea lions have been trained to perform this behavior through

Spanking is a form of _____; time-out is a form of _____.

Which of the following statements about B.F. Skinner is FALSE?

Jose's employer pays him every other Friday. This is an example of which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

_____, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions.

Tolman said that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, an organism acquires certain

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Your psychology professor wants to help students learn how to write a high-quality research paper, so she posts an example of a research paper on the course website. You use this example as a model when writing your own paper. Which of the following concepts best describes how you learned to write your research paper?

Tolman focused on cognitive mechanisms in studying the

One day, on the way home from work, you decide to explore a side street that you'd passed on several occasions. You are surprised to find that it runs parallel to the expressway and realize that it could be used as an alternate route to and from work. Several weeks later, there is a major accident on your usual travel route and you remember the side street alternate route. You happily take this route home. This is an example of

Which of the following is true with regard to insight learning?

According to Bandura's model of observational learning, what are the four primary processes involved in observational learning?

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

According to E. C. Tolman,