Psychology Chapter 8: Early Childhood Biosocial Development

lower body lengthens: adultlike body proportions, at least 3 1/2 ft tall; fat turns to muscle: looks lean, not chubby; increases in weight and height: 40-50 lbs

Malnutrition contributes to ____ of all child deaths and slow growths.

iron; zinc; calcium

sugar; fiber

Most common disease of young children in developed nation is ____ ____.

"Just right" phenomenon? What age should it fade? Best parental reaction?

insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted

Myelination increases ____ of thought. Preschoolers are much ____ than toddlers.

a long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects both sides of the brain

Growth of the ____ ____ makes communication between the hemispheres more efficient, allowing children to coordinate the two sides of the brain or body.

social, communication, and behavior deficiency

Is handedness genetic?

Developmentalists advise against switching a child's handedness, not only because this causes conflict but also because it interferes with ____.

sidedness; refers to specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain

Left half of the brain controls ____ side of the body; right half of the brain controls ____ side of the body

The ____ ____ is the executive of the brain. It is responsible for ____, ____, and ____.

opposite manifestations of the same underlying cause (maturity of the prefrontal cortex)

____ and ____ are opposite manifestations of the same underlying cause: immaturity of the prefrontal cortex.

Three major areas of the limbic system? What is the limbic system responsible for?

emotions; fear

memory; locations

responder; decides

What helps children develop better physical coordination (within the brain)?

What do children spend most of their time doing?

gross and fine motor skills

pollutants, lead, pesticides, BPA in plastic, second hand smoke

____ and ____ are key to improving motor skills.

More children die of ____ than from any other cause.

accidental injury

harm can be minimized with appropriate control

most effective; overall situation is structured to make injuries less likely; ex: speed bumps, streetlights, car headlights, brakes

more specific, averting harm in high-risk situations; ex: school-crossing guards, fences, salt on icy roads

begins after an injury, limiting the damage it causes; laws against hit and runs, ER procedures, rehab

intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of kids

deliberate action that is harmful to a child's physical, emotional, or secual well being

failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs

harm or endangerment about which someone has notified the authorities

harm or endangerment that has been reported, investigated, and verified

delayed development; PTSD

stable neighborhoods, family cohesion, financial support

spotting warning signs, intervening, home visits by helpful nurses or social workers, high-quality daycare

reporting and substantiating abuse, removing child from hom, hospitalization

effort to find a family that will nurture the child until adulthood

____ ____ is when children are officially removed from their parents custody and entrusted to another adult or family.

a relative becomes the foster caregiver

an adult or couple unrelated to the child is legally granted the obligations and joys of parenthood

Foster children average ___ placements before permanent placement.