Chapter 14

The brain and spinal cord develop from the ______ neural tube. A) mesodermal B) endodermal C) ectodermal D) cranial E) caudal

This brain vesicle gives rise to the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct. A) Prosencephalon B) Mesencephalon C) Rhombencephalon D) Telencephalon E) Myelencephalon

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain? A) Brain stem B) Cerebellum C) Cauda equina D) Diencephalon E) Cerebrum

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain? A) Brain stem B) Cerebrum C) Cerebellum D) Diencephalon E) Dura mater

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus? A) Cerebellum B) Brain stem C) Cerebrum D) Diencephalon E) Dura mater

Which of the following meninges has two layers? A) Spinal dura mater B) Cranial dura mater C) Spinal arachnoid mater D) Cranial arachnoid mater E) All of these choices

This extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum. A) Falx cerebri B) Falx cerebelli C) Tentorium cerebelli D) Tentorium cerebri E) None of these choices

The adult brain represents only ____ of the total body weight. A) 2% B) 5% C) 10% D) 12% E) 20%

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue. A) Dura mater B) Arachnoid mater C) Cerebrospinal fluid D) Blood brain barrier E) All of these choices

Cerebrospinal fluid carries small amounts of chemicals like glucose from the ______ to neurons and neuroglia. A) interstitial fluid B) bile C) intracellular fluid D) arachnoid space E) blood

Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum? A) Lateral ventricle B) Septum pellucidum C) Fourth ventricle D) Third ventricle E) Corpus callosum

This is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus. A) Lateral ventricle B) Septum pellucidum C) Third ventricle D) Fourth ventricle E) Fifth ventricle

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Mechanical protection 2. pH homeostasis 3. Circulation A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) Both 1 and 2 E) All of these choices

These are networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid. A) Choroid plexuses B) Lateral apertures C) Interventricular foramina D) Brachial plexuses E) Aqueduct of the midbrain

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed through these fingerlike projections found in the dural venous sinuses. A) Choroid plexuses B) Microvilli C) Arachnoid villi D) Dural villi E) Lemnisci

This is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciousness. A) Cuneate nucleus B) Gracile nucleus C) Medial lemniscus D) Reticular formation E) Decussation of pyramids

This structure in the brain contains centers responsible for the 'startle reflex' in response to loud sounds. A) Superior colliculus B) Inferior colliculus C) Pontine nucleus D) Medial lemniscus E) Arbor vitae

This region of the brain contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration. A) Spinal cord B) Midbrain C) Pons D) Thalamus E) Cerebellum

Pyramids are A) gray matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata. B) white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata. C) gray matter protrusions found on the pons. D) white matter protrusions found on the pons. E) a network of white and gray matter found in the medulla oblongata.

Medullary nuclei are 1. masses of gray matter in the medulla oblongata. 2. masses of white matter in the medulla oblongata. 3. decussations of the pyramids. A) 1 only. B) 2 only. C) 3 only. D) Both 1 and 2. E) None of these choices.

Which of the following regions of the brain contains the inferior olivary nucleus? A) Pons B) Medulla oblongata C) Pyramids D) Hypothalamus E) Midbrain

The medial lemniscus is a band of white matter that extends through 1. the medulla oblongata. 2. the pons. 3. the midbrain. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) both 2 & 3 E) 1, 2 & 3

Which of the following nuclei are found in the pons? A) Pontine nuclei B) Apneustic area C) Pneumotaxic area D) All of these choices E) None of these choices

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the medulla oblongata that receives sensory information associated with touch, pressure and vibration? A) Tectum B) Superior colliculus C) Substantia nigra D) Pontine nucleus E) Gracile nucleus

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine? A) Substantia nigra B) Inferior olivary nucleus C) Inferior colliculus D) Cerebral peduncle E) Apneustic area

This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance. A) Tentorium cerebelli B) Anterior lobe C) Posterior lobe D) Flocculonodular lobe E) Transverse fissure

The cerebellar cortex consists of folia, which are A) parallel folds of white matter. B) found in the vermis only. C) portions of the pyramids. D) parallel folds of gray matter. E) used in the RAS system.

This structure carries sensory information coming from proprioceptors found in the trunk and limbs into the cerebellum. A) Inferior cerebellar peduncle B) Middle cerebellar peduncle C) Superior cerebellar peduncle D) Anterior lobe E) Posterior lobe

This region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem. A) Thalamus B) Hypothalamus C) Epithalamus D) Pons E) Midbrain

Which of the following is NOT a nucleus found in the thalamus? A) Anterior nucleus B) Medial nucleus C) Red nucleus D) Reticular nucleus E) Lateral geniculate nucleus

Which of the following are NOT controlled by the hypothalamus? A) Hunger B) Thirst C) Blood calcium concentration D) Emotional behavior E) Body temperature

Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus? A) Posterior pituitary gland B) Anterior pituitary gland C) Thymus gland D) Pancreas E) Pineal gland

Which of the following regions of the brain contain the pineal gland? A) Thalamus B) Cerebellum C) Hypothalamus D) Cerebrum E) Epithalalmus

During brain development, the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because A) the white matter enlarges faster than the overlying gray matter. B) the cerebrum grows faster than the dura mater. C) the hypothalamus is larger than the epithalamus. D) the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter. E) the lobes of the cerebrum are not symmetrical.

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum? A) Association tracts B) Corpus callosum C) Projection tracts D) Pyramids E) Sulci

Together the lentiform and caudate nuclei are known as the A) globus pallidus. B) putamen. C) medial geniculate nucleus. D) corpus striatum. E) internal capsule.

This portion of the limbic system lies between the hippocampus and the parahippocampus gyrus. A) dentate gyrus B) septal nuclei C) cingulate gyrus D) olfactory bulbs E) amygdala

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature? A) Broca's area B) Primary visual area C) Common integrative area D) Prefrontal cortex area E) Primary somatosensory area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision? A) Broca's area B) Primary visual area C) Common integrative area D) Primary olfactory area E) Primary somatosensory area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body? A) Broca's area B) Primary visual area C) Somatosensory association area D) Primary motor area E) Primary somatosensory area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech? A) Broca's area B) Primary gustatory area C) Common integrative area D) Prefrontal cortex area E) Primary somatosensory area

Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum? A) cranial nerve I B) cranial nerve V C) cranial nerve VI D) cranial nerve VIII E) cranial nerve X

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball? A) II, III and IV B) I, V and X C) III, IX and V D) III, IV and VI E) X, XI and XII

Cranial nerve V is also known as the _______________ nerve. A) trochlear B) oculomotor C) trigeminal D) vagus E) abducens

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity? A) Oculomotor B) Trigeminal C) Spinal accessory D) Facial E) Vagus

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions? A) Oculomotor B) Trigeminal C) Spinal accessory D) Facial E) Vagus

Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of A) cranial nerve damage. B) hemispheric lateralization. C) damage to the olfactory nerve. D) damage to the Broca's area. E) None of these choices.

Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words). This is an example of A) apraxia. B) delirium. C) cerebral lacerations. D) hemispheric lateralization. E) decussations.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by A) neurons in the pons. B) neurons in the medulla oblongata. C) neurons in the thalamus. D) neurons in the cerebral cortex. E) neurons in the cerebellum.

This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping. A) Alpha waves B) Beta waves C) Theta waves D) Delta waves. E) All of the selections are correct

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called A) alpha waves. B) beta waves. C) theta waves. D) delta waves. E) P waves.

Brain waves that appear in adults and children during periods of emotional stress are called A) alpha waves. B) beta waves. C) theta waves. D) delta waves. E) P waves.

Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called A) alpha waves. B) beta waves. C) theta waves. D) delta waves. E) P waves.

Blood flows to the brain through the ________ arteries and away from the brain through the _______ vein. A) internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular B) external carotid and vertebral; external jugular C) internal jugular and vertebral; internal carotid D) internal carotid and axillary; internal jugular E) external jugular and axillary; external jugular

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics? A) Processes of astrocytes wrap tightly around capillaries in the brain. B) Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. C) Gap junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. D) Spot desmosomes tightly link capillary endothelial cells together. E) The basement membrane of capillaries in the brain contains extremely small pores.

A deep indentation found along the medial plane that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the A) septum pellucidum. B) transverse fissure. C) tentorium cerebelli. D) corpus callosum. E) longitudinal fissure.

The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the A) two cerebral hemispheres. B) frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. C) frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. D) parietal lobe from the temporal lobe. E) temporal lobe from the occipital lobe.

This lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface. A) occipital lobe B) temporal lobe C) parietal lobe D) insula E) corpus callosum

Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere? A) Association tracts B) Commissural tracts C) Projection tracts D) Mammillothalamic tracts E) Stria medullaris

These three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements. A) red nuclei B) vestibular nuclei C) lateral olivary nuclei D) basal nuclei E) autonomic ganglia

Damage to this portion of the limbic system results in loss of memory of recent events and difficulty committing anything new to memory. A) amygdala B) dentate gyrus C) cingulate gyrus D) hippocampus E) septal nuclei

A common type of disabling senile dementia that affects about 11% of the population over 65 and results in loss of reasoning and ability to care for oneself, is called A) agnosia. B) prosopagnosia. C) Alzheimer disease. D) transient ischemic attack syndrome. E) amylotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Which is NOT a purely motor nerve? A) VI B) IX C) XI D) XII

T/F The vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve functions in hearing while the cochlear branch is involved in equilibrium.

The postganglionic cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are located in the: A) carotid body B) inferior ganglion C) superior ganglion D) otic ganglion

The motor axons of the accessory nerve originate in: A) Nuclei of medulla B) Inferior cerebral peduncle C) Anterior gray horn of first 5 segments of the cervical region of the spinal cord D) Superior and inferior ganglia

In what portion of the brain does the hypoglossal nucleus originate? A) Medulla oblongata B) Hypothalamus C) Cerebrum D) Cerebellum