Critical thinking is___________.
applying a set of skills to find information about a controversial topic
applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information
applying information to understand and evaluate social phenomena
reviewing information on the Internet to develop a critical opinion on it
answer
applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information
question
Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?
Male bias exists in science.
Male psychologists assume that their results do not apply to women.
Male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships.
Male psychologists emphasize objective data over subjective data.
answer
Male bias exists in science.
question
Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study _____________.
only behavior
only the mind
the mind and behavior
the soul, the mind, and behavior
answer
the mind and behavior
question
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
biopsychology
developmental psychology
personality psychology
sensation and perception
answer
developmental psychology
question
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
guesswork
observation
practice
statistics
answer
Observation
question
Psychoanalytic theory focuses on and early childhood experiences.
a person's consciousness
a person's unconscious
fetal development
sexual identity
answer
a person's unconscious
question
Which of the following defines hypothesis?
idea that proves a theory
means of explaining social phenomena
tentative explanation
way of looking at the world
answer
tentative explanation
question
William James was the ________.
author of the first psychology textbook
father of psychology
first American psychologist
first psychoanalyst
answer
first American psychologist
question
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.
The name "Sigmund Freud" should be changed to "Wilhelm Wundt."
The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."
The word "unconscious" to the word "conscious."
The word "understand" should be changed to the word "believing."
answer
The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."
question
Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?
Anna Freud
Bruno Bettelheim
Naomi Weisstein
Sigmund Freud
answer
Naomi Weisstein
question
Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.
confirmation bias
confounding variable
correlational research
observer bias
answer
confirmation bias
question
An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has________ reliability and ________ validity.
high; high
high; low
low; high
low; low
answer
high; low
question
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.
case studies
correlational
cross-sectional
surveys
answer
case studies
question
A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.
clinical
experimental
naturalistic
patient
answer
clinical
question
One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate?
Despite advances in feminism, there are still gender inequalities in post-secondary studies.
More women than men attend college.
The research sample is invalid because men and women are not equally represented.
There is a relationship between gender and intended major.
answer
There is a relationship between gender and intended major.
question
Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________.
experimenter bias
observer bias
participant bias
placebo effect
answer
placebo effect
question
Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts?
common opinions
empirical studies
intuition
lucky breaks
answer
empirical studies
question
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
cross sectional
experimental
longitudinal
survey
answer
longitudinal
question
Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
survey
answer
naturalistic observation
question
In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
control
double-blind
pilot
randomly assigned
answer
double-blind
question
________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.
cause-and-effect
correlation
reliability
validity
answer
correlation
question
Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation?
-0.9
-0.2
+0.2
+0.9
answer
-0.9
question
The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.
alternate experimental
control
dependent
independent
answer
control
question
Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________.
deductive reasoning
inductive reasoning
the experiment
the scientific method
answer
the scientific method
question
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
-0.5
-0.2
+0.4
+0.7
answer
-0.5
question
A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
conclusion
hypothesis
operational definition
theory
answer
theory
question
Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?
assessing behaviors from a police cruiser dash cam
having passengers rate the driver's behavior
using footage from red light cameras
watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets
answer
watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets
question
A major advantage of case studies is ________.
detailed information
generalizability
large sample size
quick data collection
answer
detailed information
question
Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
correlational
experimental
quasi-experimental
survey
answer
experimental
question
Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.
are possible to test with animal studies
are possible to test with participants from prison populations
are possible to form strong opinions that are logical and intuitive
are not possible to test with empirical methods
answer
are possible to test with animal studies
question
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
brainstem
internal organs
peripheral nerves
spinal cord
answer
spinal cord
question
The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal
answer
temporal
question
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?
difficulty comprehending language
difficulty producing language
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body
sensory deficits in the right side of her body
answer
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body
question
Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?
headlines from the news
how to play the piano
new people he meets
the most recent updates in his children's lives
answer
how to play the piano
question
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
depression
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Parkinson's disease
schizophrenia
answer
depression
question
Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________.
endocrine; hormone
endocrine; neurotransmitter
neurological; hormone
neurological; neurotransmitter
answer
endocrine; hormone
question
________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.
electroencephalography (EEG)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
positron emission tomography (PET)
answer
electroencephalography (EEG)
question
Microchip brain implants are now used on a regular basis for the treatment of
Schizophrenia
Parkinson's
Attention Deficit Disorder
None of the above
answer
Parkinson's
question
Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning?
computerized tomography (CT) scan
electroencephalography (EEG)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
positron emission tomography (PET)
answer
computerized tomography (CT) scan
question
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
autonomic
parasympathetic
somatic
sympathetic
answer
sympathetic
question
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
conditioning
instincts
learning
reflexes
answer
learning
question
Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable interval
variable ratio
answer
variable interval
question
You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable interval
variable ratio
answer
variable interval
question
Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.
latent
observational
Pavlovian
vicarious
answer
observational
question
In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.
higher order
initial
primary
secondary
answer
higher order
question
Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?
baby seeking food by rooting and suckling
believing that nudity is wrong
teacher demonstrating algebra to
toddler who is toilet training
answer
baby seeking food by rooting and suckling
question
To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.
CS + UCS; continuous
CS + UCS; intermittent
UCS alone; continuous
UCS alone; intermittent
answer
CS + UCS; continuous
question
Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.
Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
answer
Negative reinforcement
question
Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.
acquisition
conditioning
extinction
learning
answer
extinction
question
Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________.
conditioned response
conditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
answer
conditioned response
question
Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?
Being able to hum the tune to a song after hearing it only once
Dreaming about a beach and deciding to take a vacation
Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV
Thinking about a car you plan to buy and having the image of the car appear in your mind
answer
Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV
question
Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified by the following? Amantha left her phone somewhere, but she can't remember where.
distortion
forgetting
imposition
intrusion
answer
Forgetting
question
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.
Encoding
Recognition
Storage
The Stroop effect
answer
Recognition
question
When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.
antero-retro; flashbulb
anterograde; retrograde
flashbulb; retro-antero
retrograde; anterograde
answer
retrograde; anterograde
question
Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these differences is an example of ________ encoding.
Acoustic
Semantic
Sensory
Visual
answer
Visual
question
Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.
Immediately applying new information to a practical problem
Organizing information into manageable bits or chunks
Sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it
Thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
answer
Thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
question
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
Sexism
Suggestibility
Recognition
Reconstruction
answer
Suggestibility
question
Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?
Amygdala
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Prefrontal cortex
answer
Hippocampus
question
What are the two components of declarative memory?
Implicit and explicit
Procedural and implicit
Semantic and episodic
Short-term and long-term
answer
Semantic and episodic
question
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?
Eyewitness testimony is always reliable.
Eyewitness testimony is never reliable.
Eyewitness testimony is reliable for events that do not involve crime.
Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
answer
Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy