Nutrition, Fitness, & Body Weight

25 July 2022
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American college of Sports Medicine recommendation for physics activity
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75 mins of vigorous-intensity exercise a week
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The four components of cardio training
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Type, frequency, time, intensity
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Mesomorphic
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Individuals with a body type that gain muscle more easily than other body types
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Intensity
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You can turn light activity into moderate by increase
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Common barriers to an active lifestyle cited by adults
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Fear of injury, perception that it's boring, and lack of confidence
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Skill-Related Fitness
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Ability to perform specific skills associated with various sports and leisure activities and speed.
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T or F A network of people can join you in your activities can make the difference between a sedentary and an active lifestyle
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True
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T or F Many communities are passing public policies and laws that encourage physical activities
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True
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How many times must a person exercise a week to experience improvements in cardiorespiratory functioning
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Twice
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T or F The ACSM recommends people exercise at a THR between 25-40% of their max heart rate
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False
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A very low calorie diet (800 or less) is...
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Only recommended under a dr's supervision
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Core-strength training
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Strength training that conditions the body torso from neck to lower back
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John weighs 242lbs and has body mass index of 26; he's considered
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Overweight
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Complementary protein
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Protein formed when a person eats foods with different compositions in order to obtain sufficient amino acids
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T or F You will experience the greatest improvement in flexibility if you do your stretching exercises before aerobic exercise
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False
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T or F Short-term exercise has been shown to significantly improve cognitive functionjng
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False
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Why did MyPlate replace the food pyramid that had been promoted by the USDA?
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Because the food pyramid was overly complicated and mislead info
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Trans Fatty Acids
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Fats that have been artificially hardened by hydrogenation to remain solid at room temp
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T or F Increases of daily fiber intake should be gradual
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True
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Phytochemicals
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Chemicals derived from plants that may prevent degenerative diseases
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FDA permits use of term "light" on food packaging if product has...
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1/3 fewer calories or half fat of regular product
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Symptoms to look for to determine if child may have heart defect
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High blood pressure, irregular or high heart rate at rest or during exercise, fainting episodes, and sudden chest pain during exercise or at rest
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Determine one's daily energy requirements
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Energy spent on basal metabolic rate, energy spent on physical activities, and the thermic effect of food
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The greatest influence on growth of weight problems
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Growing availability and convenience of unhealthy foods
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T or F Some hormones can't be produced when body fat falls below a certain threshold
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True
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Truth about vitamins and minerals
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Consuming excessive amounts of them can lead to toxicity. 2 types of vitamins exist: fat and water-soluble. Vitamins and minerals are both micronutrients.
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How many Americans die every year from food borne illness?
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3k
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BMI
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Body weight in relationship to height
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T or False Twin studies support a genetic tendency toward obesity
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True
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Free Radicals
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Oxygen in the body metabolized to produce unstable molecules, which can damage cell structures and DNA
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How many times are obese people likely to die before reaching their expected life span than non-obese people?
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4 times more likely
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Pilates is most strongly associated with which type of exercise training?
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Core-strength
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You can turn light activity into moderate activity by increasing the _____.
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Intensity
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What percentage is the acceptable distribution range (AMDR) for protein daily energy intake?
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10-35
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The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that people exercise at a THR between what percentages of their max heart rate?
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50-90%
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Tolerable Upper Intake Level
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Highest amount of nutrient a person can take without risking food toxicity
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The main purpose of proteins.
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To build and maintain body tissue
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What are the most common symptoms of poisoning?
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Nausea, vomiting, and fever
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Antioxidants
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Can neutralize the effects of free radicals before they cause much damage.
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Target heart rate zone
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The in-between point at which you are stressing your cardiovascular system for optical benefit but not overloading it.
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What indicate a healthy body weight?
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Weight within an acceptable range for one's height. A fat distribution that's not a risk factor for illness. The absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss.
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Phentermine
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The most common of a group of medications that act on the brain to reduce appetite, but are approved only for short-term use.
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What percentage of all trips in the US are taken by car?
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75%
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Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of ____ or higher.
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30
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Weight cycling
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A yo-yo effect of repeated cycles in which a person loses weight only to be followed by new gain in weight.
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T or F In general, it's necessary to exercise at least 5x a week to obtain adaptation changes in the cardiorespiratory system.
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False
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The body mass index (BMI) is used mainly to determine ____.
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how your body weight may affect your health.
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Skill-related fitness
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Ability to perform specific skills associated with various sports and leisure activities.
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Health-related fitness
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The ability to perform daily living activities with vigor.
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Truths about Flexibility
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It's at its highest in teen years. Stretching programs can reduce the flexibility loss associated with aging. Aging is accompanied by a shortening of tendons and increased rigidity in muscles and joints, thus reducing flexibility.
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness
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Increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and decreases the resting heart rate.
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Most adults need only ____ percent of their daily calorie intake in the form of fat.
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15%
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Food In fection
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A condition caused by eating foods contaminated by disease-causing microorganisms.
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Ballistic
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A kind of stretching that is not recommended for most people (just elite athletes) due to it making an individual vulnerable to muscle pulls and tears.
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T or F Taking a hot shower immediately after a main exercise program effectively aids in cool-down and blood flow return to the heart.
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False
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Truth about E. Coli
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Some infections can be fatal to humans.
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Institute of Medicine's recommended standard for front-of-package labels.
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Information about saturated and trans fats, info about sodium and added sugars, and checkmarks to indicate when ingredients are within healthy ranges.
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The thermic effect of food--the energy required to process the food one eats--is estimated at ____ percent of energy intake.
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10%
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What is a major premise of the size acceptance movement?
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There is no ideal body shape.
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8 foods that are 90% of food allergies.
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Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat.
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At least how many specific vitamins does a body need?
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11
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Abdominal fat is _____.
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more easily enters the bloodstream.
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Functions of water.
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Helping to regulate body temperature, lubricating our moving parts, absorbing and transporting nutrients, and carrying waste products out of the body.
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At what age does weight typically begin to decline for males and females due to causes such as less muscle tissue, less body tissue, less body mass, and a decreased caloric need?
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60
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Appetite Suppressant
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Type of diet drug that is Sibutramine.
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After puberty, a boy of healthy weight typically levels off at what percent of body fat?
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15%
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What's a macronutrient?
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Protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water
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Four popular stretching techniques for exercise.
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Ballistic, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), static, and passive
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Glucose
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The main provider of energy for the brain and nervous system.
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Food Intoxication
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Occurs when a food is contaminated by natural toxins
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Fact about bananas
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Carries little pesticide residue.
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
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Intake ranges that provide nutrition and are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease.
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Association with low body fat levels
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Depression, hair loss, infertility, and lack of menstruation.
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T or F Women, after menopause, experience a shift in body fat from the hips and thighs in the abdomen.
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True.
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Static stretching
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Most recommended for general fitness purposes.
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Four components of cardiorespiratory training.
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Type, frequency, time, and intensity.
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What is an example of vigorous-intensity exercise?
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Jogging
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To find a weight loss plan that offers the best chance of success, you should avoid plans that ____.
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Will drastically change your eating patterns.
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Heart Rate Reserve
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Difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate.
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Energy balance
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the relationship between caloric intake (food) and output (metabolism and activity).
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When does the most significant drop in physical activity typically occur in people's lives?
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Later high school years and freshman year of college.
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What is a common practice that creates greater risk of transmitting food borne illnesses?
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Defrosting meat and poultry at room temperature
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Trans fatty acids
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The fatty acids now considered most hazardous to health.
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BMR
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The rate at which bodies use energy for basic life functions and influenced by age, gender, and weight.