Among the common surgical treatments for obesity, a method that is not recommended as a treatment for obesity or morbid obesity is ______.
answer
liposuction
question
Popular diets emphasizing low carbohydrate intake are controversial partly because _______.
answer
they have limited evidence about possible long-term consequences, health risks, and side effects
question
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by _______.
answer
recurring episodes of extreme overeating (binging) followed by compensating behavior (purging).
question
The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that is responsible for satiety, or feeling full.
answer
false
question
The type and amount of food you eat can stimulate appetite.
answer
true
question
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding satiety and hunger?
answer
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding satiety and hunger?
Signals from the stomach and small intestine stimulate the hypothalamus to perceive satiety and hunger.
An increase in blood glucose levels stimulates the pancreas to release insulin and the hypothalamus to perceive satiety.
Glucagon, released from the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low, stimulates the hypothalamus to perceive hunger.
question
leptin is not
answer
Leptin is a satiety hormone secreted from the pancreas.
question
bombesin, neuropeptide, cholecystokinin are
answer
Bombesin is a hormone that stimulates satiety and is secreted from the gastrointestinal tract.
Neuropeptide Y is secreted from the part of the brain known as the hypothalamus to stimulate hunger.
Cholecystokinin is hormone that stimulates satiety and is secreted from the gastrointestinal tract.
question
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome include:
answer
abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose.
question
The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate (BMR) is ___________.
answer
lean body mass
question
Healthful weight change involves three primary strategies: gradual changes in energy intake, appropriate physical activity, and __________.
answer
using behavior modification techniques
question
Family can influence disordered eating behaviors. Compared to families without a member with an eating disorder, families with people with eating disorders tend to be associated with ____.
answer
compulsivity
question
Which of the following statements is an example of a recommended step when talking to friends or family members who may have an eating disorder?
answer
I'm concerned about you because I've noticed you've started skipping breakfast and lunch.
question
A goal for outpatient counseling for eating disorders includes _____.
answer
establishing structured eating behaviors
question
The best treatment option for people who are medically unstable or display signs of malnutrition is likely ___.
answer
inpatient hospitalization
question
Safe, effective weight gain can be achieved by eating frequent meals with _______ foods.
answer
healthful, energy-dense
question
A healthful body weight can and should __________.
answer
be achieved and sustained without severely curtailing food or constantly dieting
question
Physiological factors that are known to increase satiety include an increase in blood glucose levels, nutrient absorption from the small intestine, and _______.
answer
stomach expansion
question
Obesity is defined
answer
as a BMI, or body mass index, greater or equal to 30.
question
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk for __________.
answer
cancer
diabetes
heart disease and stroke
question
Which agency reports data on the trends in adult obesity in the United States?
answer
The CDC tracks and reports trends in obesity with the Behavioral Risk and Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
question
Which is the correct equation to use when calculating body mass index?
answer
Weight (kg)/Height (m)2
question
Many prescription medications currently available for obesity treatment decrease appetite and increase satiety. Orlistat _________.
answer
inhibits absorption of dietary fat
question
An example of a healthful energy-dense food is____.
answer
peanut butter
question
The female athlete triad consists of three conditions, including low energy availability/level, osteoporosis, and __________.
answer
amenorrhea (menstrual disruption)
question
Disordered eating is a term used to describe _______.
answer
a variety of atypical eating behaviors
question
Which grouping of signs and symptoms is associated with anorexia nervosa?
answer
fear of gaining weight, amenorrhea, and decreased bone mineral density
question
A body mass index (BMI) of 19.5 is considered ______.
answer
healthy weight
question
In terms of body functioning compatibility, a healthful body weight should be primarily compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and ______.
answer
glucose tolerance
question
Which of the following factors increase basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
answer
higher lean body mass
question
Which of the following thoughts is associated with disruptive eating patterns?
answer
I have fasted or avoided eating for long periods of time to lose weight.
question
A reasonable diet focusing on macronutrient composition that would be healthful and effective in decreasing body weight for some people is________.
answer
high complex-carbohydrate, moderate fat, moderate protein
question
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum amount of energy needed to maintain basic physiologic functions and keep the body alive. However, this rate is different for each person. Consider the following statements regarding the factors that affect the basal metabolic rate.
answer
Stress will affect your BMR.
Lean body mass is more metabolically active than body fat.
question
The thermic effect of food (TEF) is the amount of energy the body needs to digest, absorb, metabolize, and store the food you consume. Though the TEF varies somewhat depending on the type of food, in general, what percentage of calories in the food consumed is used for TEF?
answer
5-10%
question
Overeating is known to increase by ___________.
answer
easy access to food
question
Waist and hip circumference measurements can determine _______.
absence of menstruation resulting from inadequate energy intake
question
For _____ a waist circumference more than ____ inches can indicate increased risk for chronic disease.
answer
women; 35
question
Which of the following is a limitation of body mass index (BMI)?
answer
BMI has limited consideration of body composition
question
The thrifty gene theory suggests that some people have a gene (or genes) that causes them to be _________.
answer
energetically thrifty
question
BMI
answer
a measurement representing the ratio of a person's body weight to his or her height
question
underweight
answer
having too little body fat to maintain healthy causing a person to weigh less than an acceptably defined standard for a given height
question
overweight
answer
having a moderate amount of excess fat resulting in a person weighing more than an accepted standard for a given height but not considered obese
question
obesity
answer
having an excess of body fat that adversely affects health resulting in a person weighing much more that an accepted standard for a given height
question
morbid obesity
answer
where a person's body weight exceeds 100% of normal putting him or her in a very high risk for serious health consequences
question
body composition
answer
the ratio of a person's body fat to lean body body mass
question
energy intake
answer
the amount of food a person eats
question
energy expenditure
answer
the energy the body expends to maintain its basic functions and to perform all levels of movement and activity
question
basal metabolic rate
answer
the energy the body expends to maintain its fundamental physiologic functions
question
thermic effect of food
answer
the energy expended as a result of processing food consumed
question
energy cost of physical activity
answer
the energy that is expended on body movement and muscular work above basal levels
question
thrift gene theory
answer
the theory that some people posses a gene that causes them to be energetically thrifty
question
set point theory
answer
the theory that the body raises or lowers energy expenditure in response to increased or decreased food intake and physical activity. this action maintains an individual's body weight within a narrow range
question
leptin
answer
a hormone produced by body fat that acts to reduce food intake and to decrease body weight and body fat
question
ghrelin
answer
a protein synthesized in the stomach that acts as a hormone and plays an important role in appetite regulation by stimulation appetite
question
peptide YY (PYY)
answer
protein produced by the gastrointestinal tract that is released after the meal in amounts proportional to the energy content of the meal; it decreases appetite and in habits food intake
question
brown adipose tissue
answer
a type of adipose tissue that has more mitochondria than white adipose tissue and which can increase energy expenditure by uncoupling oxidation from ATP production. It is found in significant amounts in animals and newborns
question
metabolic syndrome
answer
cluster of risk factors that increase one's risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke including abdominal obesity higher than normal triglyceride levels, lower than normal HDL cholesterol levels and higher than normal blood pressure (more than 130/85 mmHg) and elevated fasting blood glucose levels
question
healthful weight
answer
appropriate for your gender, age genetics physical development and family history
question
ratio of a person's body weight to height is
answer
BMI
question
bodys total daily energy expenditure includes
answer
basal metabolic rate thermal effect of food and effect of physical activity
question
set point theory proposes that
answer
the body raises or lowers energy expenditure in response to changes in food intake and physical activity
question
3 key strategies for healthful weight loss are
answer
making gradual changes in energy intake engaging in regular and appropriate physical activity and applying behavioral modification techniques
question
what is true about obesity?
answer
obesity is associated with a risk of premature death that is 18% higher than that of someone of normal weight
question
obesity treatment
answer
responds to lifestyle interventions such as dieting/ exercise, meds have side effects and surgery is only used as a last resort
question
disordered eating
answer
a general term used to describe a variety of abnormal or atypical eating behaviors that are used to keep or maintain a lower body weight
question
eating disorder
answer
a clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body image and eating behaviors
question
body image
answer
a person's perception of his or hers body's appearance and functioning
question
binge eating disorder
answer
a disorder characterized by binge eating usually twice a week or more followed by purging
question
female athlete triad
answer
low energy availability, menstrural dysfunction and low bone density
question
night eating syndrome
answer
intake of majority of days energy between 8 pm and 6 am - also experience mood and sleep disorders
question
body composition
answer
The ratio of a person's body fat to lean body mass
question
morbid obesity
answer
A person's body weight exceeds 100 percent of normal
question
satiety
answer
a state of no longer having a desire to eat
question
set point theory
answer
dea that our body will naturally gravitate toward a certain weight level
question
thrifty gene theory
answer
An inherited tendency for our body to expend less energy at rest and while exercising
question
bod pod
answer
A machine that uses air displacement to estimate body fat percentage
question
skinfold measurement
answer
A method that uses calipers to measure the fat beneath the skin
question
underwater weighing
answer
The most accurate method to estimate body fat percentage
question
apple shape
answer
A fat distribution in the upper body which increases the risk for chronic diseases.
question
bioelectrical impedance analysis
answer
A device that uses an electrical current to estimate body fat percentage
question
basal metabolic rate
answer
The largest component of our energy expenditure each day
question
thermic effect of food
answer
The smallest component of our energy expenditure each day
question
weight loss
answer
energy intake is less than energy expenditure
question
weight gain
answer
Energy intake is greater than energy expenditure
question
weight maintained
answer
Energy intake equals energy expenditure
question
A person's risk of developing ________ and high blood pressure increases when the person's body mass index (BMI) is greater than 30.
answer
type 2 diabetes
question
Adults who watch more than _____ hour(s) of television per day may gain a significant amount of body weight over time.
answer
3
question
An accurate way to determine a person's energy requirement is to:
answer
calculate the basal metabolic rate and add in the calories expended with activity.
question
Body mass index is the ratio of a person's body weight in kilograms to his or her __________.
answer
height in meters squared
question
Children who watch more than _____ minutes of television per day are more likely to be overweight or obese.
answer
120
question
Components of a healthy weight loss program would include:
answer
regular physical activity
question
Consuming an excess of _______ calories in one week will result in a weight gain of one pound per week.
answer
3500
question
How many kcals are in 1 gram of fat?
answer
9
question
How much energy does 10 grams of carbohydrate provide?
answer
40
question
If a man's waist circumference is greater than _____ inches, he is at an increased risk for developing chronic diseases.
answer
40
question
If a person is 100 percent or more above his or her normal weight, he or she is classified as __________.
answer
morbidly obese
question
If a woman's waist circumference is greater than_____ inches, she is at an increased risk for chronic diseases.
answer
35
question
Individuals who want to gain approximately one to two pounds of body weight per week need to consume at least ______ calories more per day than what is required to maintain their weight.
answer
500-1000
question
Physical activity accounts for what percentage of total energy output per day?
answer
15-35 %
question
The basal metabolic rate accounts for what percentage of our total energy output?
answer
60-75%
question
The most accurate method for measuring body fat composition is __________.
answer
underwater weighing
question
Approximately _________ percent_ of obese children maintain their higher weight as adults.
answer
70
question
Which of the following factors is known to increase satiety?
answer
A rise in the blood glucose level
question
Which of the following nutrients provides no calories?
answer
vitamins
question
Which one of the following recommendations could be safely used to increase muscle mass?
answer
increased training
question
Body mass index would be an accurate method for assessing the weight status of a professional body builder.
answer
false
question
Body composition measures what percentage of a person's body weight is fat tissue and what percentage is lean or muscle tissue.
answer
true
question
Lower-body obesity, also known as pear-shaped fat patterning, increases a person's risk for chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
answer
false
question
Aside from daily weight variations resulting from one's fluid intake and state of hydration and dehydration, fluctuation in body weight is dependent on the relationship between the calories we consume and the calories we expend.
answer
true
question
After the age of 30, basal metabolic rates decrease by 3-5 percent every ten years.
answer
true
question
More energy is required to digest, transport, and store dietary fat than carbohydrate or protein.
answer
false
question
Most studies show that overweight people overestimate the amount of energy (or food) they consume.
answer
false
question
Exercise alone will significantly reduce body weight.
answer
false
question
Over-the-counter supplements marketed for weight loss are strictly controlled by the Food and Drug Administration.
answer
false
question
Individuals who desire to gain weight should eat a balanced diet rich in heart healthy fats such as olive oil, nuts, and seeds.
answer
true
question
Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio can determine your risk for chronic diseases.
answer
true
question
The Bod Pod is a body composition method that uses low level x-rays.
answer
false
question
Basal metabolic rate begins to decrease starting at around age 50.
answer
false
question
Studies show when children and adults are given large portion sizes of foods and beverages, they eat more.
answer
true
question
A useful way to help control portion sizes is to use smaller dishes and glasses.
answer
true
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