Micro Test 2 ( Mastering)

Where would you expect to find electron transport chains in a prokaryote?

According to the animation, which compounds provide electrons to the system?

In the electron transport chain?

According to the animation, what does oxygen get reduced to at the end of the electron transport chain?

According to the animation, what does the electron transport chain do to the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons)?

The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as

Why does FADH2 yield less ATP than NADH?

Which of the following can be used as a final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration?

What is one difference between ubiquinones and cytochromes?

How does the proton gradient help ATP synthase to make ATP?

Iron is considered an essential element for many bacteria. Based on the animation, how would lack of iron affect energy production of a bacterium?

Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?

What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation?

What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation?

Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation?

Cellular respiration uses ________ as the final electron acceptor

What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation?

Why is ATP required for glycolysis?

Glycolysis literally means

How many net ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

What carbon molecules remain at the end of glycolysis?

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?

Glycolysis produces energy in which form?

Which step is the step for which glycolysis is named?

What is meant by substrate-level phosphorylation?

What is the driving force of energy production in steps 6 and 7?

What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis?

What occurs at the bridge step?

Based on the animation, how many electron carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle only?

What is the function of GTP?

What is the fate of metabolites during respiration?

Which of the following is needed as a reactant for the first step of the citric acid cycle?

Where does the energy come from to power the formation of GTP?

Which step involves the release of carbon dioxide?

How many molecules of ATP can be generated from one molecule of NADH?

Which step(s) of the Krebs cycle does (do) not produce any usable energy?

Fermentation.....

During glycolysis:

Which of the following statements regarding the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generation is false?

The following are TRUE in ATP generation:

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occur during the energy-conserving stage of glycolysis? 1 - An enzyme relocates a phosphate group of 3-phosphoglyceric acid to form 2-phosphoglyceric acid. 2 - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid. 3 - A high-energy phosphate is transferred from phosphoenolpyruvic acid to ADP, forming ATP. 4 - By the loss of a water molecule, 2-phosphoglyceric acid is converted to another molecule, upgrading the phosphate bond to a high-energy bond. 5 - A high-energy phosphate is moved to ADP, forming ATP, which is the first net ATP production of glycolysis.

The respiration of glucose (cellular respiration) typically involves which three principal stages?

Before amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) can be catabolized, they must be converted to other substances that can enter the Krebs cycle by all of the following methods, except:

Which of the following nutritional classes of organisms use carbon dioxide (CO2) as their carbon source and use light as their energy source?

Nitrobacter bacteria use carbon dioxide () for their carbon source and nitrate ions as an energy source. This organism is a ________.

If two-carbon fragments of acetyl CoA are successively linked to each other via dehydration synthesis reactions, what biosynthetic pathway is likely involved?

Lipases break down

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

According to the animation, oxidative phosphorylation

According to the animation, the reactions that occur between glucose and pyruvic acid

Which of the following terms refers to pathways that can function both in anabolism and catabolism?

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false?

What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration?

A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy

The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about beta oxidation is false?

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

Which statement describes glycolysis?

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis?

In which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place?

What connects the two photosystems in the light reactions?

What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle?

What provides electrons for the light reactions?

What provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle?

What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle?

The light reactions take place in the _________ and the Calvin cycle takes place in the _________.

A positive reaction for carbohydrate fermentation is indicated by the production of acidic wastes, which turn the phenol red pH indicator ______________.

Enzymes speed up the rate at which chemical reactions occur within a cell because the enzyme______?

In E. coli, the presence of isoleucine shuts down the enzymatic pathway that results in the synthesis of isoleucine. This is an example of_____?

Any molecule that serves as an electron acceptor will be______?

Chemiosmosis uses_____ to supply the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

An electron transport chain prumps____ across a membrane while transferring ___ from one chemical to another?

Energy released in an electron transport chain is derived from?

Energy released by the movement of charged particles down and electron transport chain is used specifically for____?

electrons move from a donor molecule, which is____, to an acceptor molecule which is____?

Which of the following is NOT an electron carrier found within the electron transport chains?

Electrons are delivered to the electron transport chain by?

Without____ as a final electron acceptor, the electron transport chain of aerobic organisms would cease to function.

The end result of electron transport is to produce an electrochemical gradient, which creates?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning metabolism?

anabolic reactions may be characterized as?

The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as____?

Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as?

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is required for many _____ reactions?

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP, therefor it is ______ pathway.

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

During the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid, _____ is produced.

Changes in temperature or pH can cause enzymes to lose activity. What is a common feature of these two effects?

A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to an (active/allosteric) site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to (pyruvic/acetic/lactic) acid, a molecule that can be used in either fermentation or respiration pathways.

The purpose of electron transport is to create a proton (concentration/gradient/pump) across a membrane for the process of chemiosmosis?

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the (activation/reaction/substrate) energy.

What are the three important electron carrier molecules

Redox reactions involve

A reduced molecule

Activation energy

coenzymes

Which of the best statements best describes ribozymes?

Which of the following does not affect the function of enzymes?

Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve

Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one glucose molecule by bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP?

Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?