Lipids

The most common lipid(s) found in both foods and the body is/are __________. glycerol cholesterol lecithin triglycerides

A key difference between omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids is __________. hydrogenation of the omega bond the configuration or shape around the double bond the location of the first double bond omega-6 fatty acids never become rancid

Fat is digested and absorbed by the same process that digests and absorbs carbohydrates and proteins. False True

Most of the triglycerides in food reach the stomach without being chemically digested. True False

Which of the following statements is false? Fats are nonessential nutrients. Once absorbed, dietary fat is transported from the intestinal cells to the blood through the lymph fluid. Significant chemical digestion begins in the duodenum. Bile plays a role in digestion.

Lipids enter the bloodstream directly after digestion. True False

Which enzyme is responsible for the majority of the digestions of lipids? pancreatic lipase lingual lipase bile gastric lipase

What are micelles? lipid-digesting enzymes located in the small intestine a type of lipoprotein needed to absorb lipids emulsifiers used to break fat globules into small droplets during digestion clusters of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other lipids surrounded by bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi

Which of the following statements correctly describes the metabolic fate of the lipids transported by lipoproteins? The LDL cholesterol interacts with receptor sites on the surface of cells to release cholesterol that can be used to make bile, hormones, and vitamin D. Cholesterol removed from the cells by LDLs is carried back to the liver and excreted through bile, decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis or blocked arteries. As the VLDL moves along the bloodstream, an enzyme hydrolyzes protein from the surface of the lipoproteins to be taken up by the muscle and adipose cells. The HDL cholesterol is often referred to as the "bad cholesterol" because it transports cholesterol released from the liver and may deposit the cholesterol in the arterial cells, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis or blocked arteries.

A primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease is elevated blood lipids, especially LDL cholesterol. The level of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol relative to LDL cholesterol in the blood can be useful in determining the health of the arteries and the risk of developing heart disease. The optimal level of blood lipids includes a lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to reduce the amount of lipids that infiltrate the arterial wall creating plaque buildup. A higher HDL cholesterol may help protect against cholesterol buildup in the arterial wall. Which of the following blood lipids typically analyzed in a blood lipid profile are considered optimal to reduce the risk of heart disease? Total cholesterol between 200-210 mg/dl LDL cholesterol >190 mg/dl HDL cholesterol >60 mg/dl Total cholesterol <200 mg/dl LDL cholesterol 100-129 mg/dl HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dl Total cholesterol between 200-239 mg/dl LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl HDL cholesterol between 40-60 mg/dl Total cholesterol <200 mg/dl LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl HDL cholesterol >60 mg/dl

Which class of lipoproteins contains the MOST protein compared to lipid? very-low-density lipoproteins chylomicrons low-density lipoproteins high-density lipoproteins

Which of the following statements regarding lipoproteins is TRUE? The enzyme lingual lipase is responsible for removing triglycerides transported by the LDL. Plaque is a build-up of lipoproteins in the bloodstream. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are formed in the small intestines to transport absorbed dietary lipids. As the very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) deposit triglycerides in the cells, they become denser and are classified as low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

Cholesterol transported from the cells to the liver by HDL can then be used to synthesize bile. False True

Saturated fatty acids are saturated with _____. carbon glycerol hydrogen fat

The most healthful dietary lipid to consume is __________. saturated fat trans fat unsaturated fat cholesterol

A lipid that the body requires to make several critical substances but can't synthesize on its own is _____. cholesterol phosphates vitamin D omega-3 fatty acids

How much of your daily caloric intake should come from all fats? 20% to 35% 5% to 10% 40% to 45% 10% to 20%

A good source of EPA and DHA in the diet is _____. oats fried foods fatty fish lettuce