According to Freud, the "third shock" to the collective human ego was the realization ____.
answer
that humans are not the rational commanders of their lives.
question
At the time of Freud's death, the dominant form of American psychology was ____.
answer
behaviorism
question
​A basic difference between psychoanalysis and the other systems of psychology was that ____.
answer
the other systems had an academic background and a focus on pure science
question
The primary method of psychoanalysis was ____.
answer
clinical observation
question
A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was ____.
answer
the unconscious
question
Wundt's system dealt only with consciousness because ____.
answer
the unconscious cannot be introspected
question
Monads were defined as ____.
answer
individual elements of all reality, similar to perceptions
question
The creator of monadology was ____.
answer
Leibnitz
question
​"Little perceptions" were ____.
answer
below consciousness
question
The concept of threshold of consciousness is attributed to ____.
answer
Herbart
question
​For Herbart, like James Mill, ideas influence one another ____.
answer
mechanically
question
According to Herbart, if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas, the new idea will be ____.
answer
inhibited
question
Which of the following is an original idea created by Freud, and not his predecessors?
answer
hypnosis
b.
the unconscious
c.
the mind as an iceberg
d.
All of the above.
**e.
None of the above.
question
The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg, with its bulk hidden from view (unconscious), is attributed to ____.
answer
Fechner
question
The notion of the pleasure principle was borrowed by Freud from ____.
answer
Fechner
question
Freud claimed that his discovery was ____.
answer
a way to scientifically study the unconscious mind
question
​"A new movement requires something to revolt against"; Freud opposed the current trends in ____.
answer
the treatment of mental disorders
question
The first person to argue for the humane treatment of the mentally ill was ____.
answer
Vives
question
By the 18th century, abnormal behavior was deemed to be ____.
answer
irrational behavior
question
The spirit of mechanism in relation to the treatment of mental illness portrayed mentally ill persons as ____.
answer
merely needing to be repaired
question
The person who most strongly influenced humane reforms for the mentally ill in the United States was ____.
answer
Dix
question
The first psychiatrist in formal practice in the United States was ____.
answer
Rush
question
Rush's treatment techniques reflect ____.
answer
a.
mechanistic theory
b.
the somatic approach
c.
what he thought were "humane" treatment innovations
d.
early crude attempts at shock therapy and sedation
***e.
All of the choices are correct.
question
​By the era of Freud's medical training, the dominant view in psychiatry about the cause of mental illness was ____.
answer
somatic
question
The psychic approach to mental illness was encouraged in the U.S. by ____.
answer
Emmanuel Church Healing movement
question
Franz Anton Mesmer contributed to which of the following?
answer
He believed he was curing mental and physical illness by using magnetism
question
The techniques of Mesmer ____.
answer
were investigated and he was discredited and often involved convulsions
question
Hypnosis garnered some scientific respectability through the work of ____.
answer
Braid on neurology
question
Who was the first to argue that hysteria did not have a physical basis?
answer
Janet
question
A major theme of Freud's system, borrowed from Darwin, was the ____.
answer
importance of the sex drive throughout life
question
The concept of childhood sexuality can be traced to ____.
answer
Aristotle
b.
Romanes
c.
Darwin
d.
Patze
***e.
All except Aristotle
question
Freud's espousal of mechanism has been traced to the influence of ____.
answer
Brücke
question
The attitude toward sex in the Vienna of the Victorian era was ____.
answer
permissive and open
question
Which of the following topics had already been discussed before Freud?
answer
infantile sexuality
b.
libido
c.
catharsis
d.
the importance of dreams
***e.
All of the choices are correct.
question
Charcot and Janet had practiced ____ prior to Freud's work on the same idea.
answer
hypnosis
question
​In common with functionalism and behaviorism, psychoanalysis bears the influences of ____.
answer
mechanism
b.
determinism
c.
Fechner's work
d.
Darwin's theory
***e.
All of the choices are correct.
question
​Freud's interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading of ____.
answer
Darwin
question
Freud's early research was in ____.
answer
biology and physiology
question
Freud's infamous use of cocaine ____.
answer
extended to middle age
question
Breuer's fame was ____.
answer
established by his discovery of the functioning of the semicircular canals
question
In the case of Anna O., the recollections she revealed while under hypnosis involved ____.
answer
ideas or experiences she found disgusting
question
Freud's use of hypnosis was a direct consequence of ____.
answer
his association with Breuer and a research grant to study with Charcot
question
Currently known data fragments indicate that Freud was first apprised of the role of sexuality in hysterical symptoms by ____.
answer
Charcot
question
​The goal of Freud's therapies was to ____.
answer
make the unconscious conscious
question
The beginning of psychoanalysis is considered to be indicated by the publication of ____.
answer
Studies on Hysteria
question
Freud proposed that neurotic behavior did not develop in persons who ____.
answer
led a normal sex life
question
Freud argued that whether an event happened in childhood ____.
answer
is less important than the patient's belief that it occurred
question
Freud's self-analysis was precipitated by ____.
answer
the worsening of his own neurotic symptoms
question
As a result of Freud's analysis of his own dreams, he recognized ____.
answer
sexual longings toward his mother
b.
sexual wishes toward his daughter
c.
the outlines of the Oedipus complex
d.
hostility toward his father
***e.
All of the choices are correct.
question
Freud's major work is considered to be ____.
answer
The Interpretation of Dreams
question
In 1909, Freud ____.
answer
received an honorary doctorate in psychology from Clark University
question
The American public was primed for Freud's work because of ____.
answer
Bruce's seven books and some five dozen magazine articles on the unconscious
question
Freud underwent a vasectomy ____.
answer
as part of a cancer treatment
question
Psychoanalysis was eradicated in Germany by ____.
answer
the Nazi party
question
Freud died as the result of ____.
answer
a morphine overdose
question
According to Freud in his first lecture at Clark University, psychoanalysis originated with ____.
answer
Breuer
question
In the material presented at Clark University, Freud said that while hypnotized, Anna O. ____.
answer
described the mental images that controlled her thoughts
question
During his Clark University lecture, Freud proposed that psychic traumas are ____.
answer
affect-laden events
question
At the conclusion of his Clark University lecture, Freud stated that "hysterical patients suffer from ____."
answer
reminiscences
question
Freud found that the free association method ____.
answer
did not always operate freely because of resistance
question
____ is an unconscious inability to bring into conscious awareness memories that are too shameful or painful to be faced.
answer
resistance
question
____ is the process of forcefully ejecting or excluding from consciousness any unacceptable ideas, memories, and desires.
answer
Repression
question
Freud's overriding goal was to ____.
answer
describe and explain the dynamics of human behavior
question
Freud's investigative approach was ____.
answer
to consider evidence as he alone interpreted it
question
Freud conceived of Instinkts as ____.
answer
unique to animals
question
Triebs were, in Freud's system, ____.
answer
humans' motivating forces
question
Self-preservation as a major human motive was expressed by Freud in his notion of the ____.
answer
libido
question
Freud's view of instincts is that they are ____.
answer
sources of stimulation and motivation within the body
question
In his system of personality, Freud replaced the conscious/unconscious distinction with the concept of ____.
answer
id, ego, and superego
question
According to Freud, the biological, need-related part of everyone's personality is the ____.
answer
id
question
Fear of being the victim of a violent crime while visiting a gang-infested area in the United States is an example of ____.
answer
objective anxiety
question
In Freud's system, personality development is built on the ____.
answer
psychosexual stages
question
The Oedipal conflict occurs during the ____ stage of development.
answer
phallic
question
Freud's position on reductionism was that ____.
answer
all phenomena can be reduced to the principles of physics
question
Freud proposed that the aim of psychology was to ____.
answer
represent mental processes as quantitatively determined states
question
By the 1930s and 1940s, psychoanalysis ____.
answer
was wholeheartedly embraced by the American public
question
The response of scientific psychology to psychoanalysis by the 1950s and 1960s was to ____.
answer
reframe Freud's concepts in behavioral terms
question
Experimental research on Freudian theory has shown that ____.
answer
a.some of his concepts are testable by the methods of science
b.
some support for unconscious influences
c.
evidence for some Freudian concepts
d.
some concepts have resisted attempts at scientific validation
***e.
All of the choices are correct.
question
The analyst ____ broke with Freud over his claim that women feel inferior to men.
answer
Karen Horney
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