Chapter 10 H&S

27 August 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
65 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (61)
question
Like many of the first generation of psychologists, Watson's first graduate school area of study was ____.
answer
Philosophy
question
Watson's introduction to mechanism was through his association with ____.
answer
Loeb
question
Watson was attracted to psychology through his association with ____.
answer
Angell
question
John B. Watson was quite dismayed to learn that his dissertation was less brilliant in the eyes of Dewey and Angell than that of ____.
answer
Helen Woolley
question
Watson chose to pursue research with white rats, he said, because he ____.
answer
wanted to maintain a close association with biology
question
____ at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.
answer
James Mark Baldwin
question
Watson's work has been involved with which of the following divisions of psychology?
answer
animal psychology industrial/organizational psychology behaviorism developmental psychology
question
Behaviorism was officially established in ____.
answer
1913, with Watson's "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It"
question
In his 1914 book, Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology, Watson argued ____.
answer
for the acceptance of animal psychology
question
Watson has been criticized for which of the following?
answer
methods of behaviorism his childrearing beliefs his personality
question
Watson's second career was in ____.
answer
advertising
question
Watson believed that the behavior of people as consumers of goods and services could be predicted and controlled, just like the behavior of ____.
answer
machines
question
Watson argued that consumer behavior was ____.
answer
under the control of fundamental or conditioned emotional stimuli
question
Watson proposed that consumer behavior ____.
answer
should be studied in the lab
question
Watson's view of consumers' responses was much like ____.
answer
Descartes's view of automata
question
After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson ____.
answer
published for the American public through popular media
question
Watson's position on childrearing was ____.
answer
that of a strong environmentalist
question
The most significant public impact of Watson's varied undertakings was to ____.
answer
transform childrearing practices
question
Watson's behaviorism was mechanistic. His own behavior might also be called mechanistic with regard to his relationship with ____.
answer
his children
question
Although ____ publicly disagreed with her husband's childrearing practices and occasionally wanted to break his rules, their son did not recall that happening.
answer
Rosalie Raynor Watson
question
In Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, Watson argues that psychology is ____.
answer
a purely experimental branch of natural science
question
For Watson, the goal of psychology is ____.
answer
the prediction and control of behavior
question
For Watson, the distinction between humans and animals is ____.
answer
arbitrary
question
Watson argued that the failure of psychology as a natural science was due to ____.
answer
blaming the observer rather than the method for failure to replicate in introspection
question
Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they ____.
answer
seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior
question
Watson's position on the use of the term consciousness was to ____.
answer
eliminate it entirely from psychological research because it is not an objective method
question
Watson's 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It ____.
answer
was relatively ignored by the professional journals
question
This person said, in criticizing Watson, that introspection had to be used to study certain psychological processes.
answer
Calkins
question
Which of the following was NOT one of Watson's methods?
answer
All of the choices were acceptable to Watson.
question
Watson's contribution to the method of objective testing was ____.
answer
to argue that the subjects' responses were under the stimulus control of the test items
question
Watson's position on verbal reports was ____.
answer
to redefine them as motor responses to redefine thinking as speaking to oneself to limit their use to situations in which they could be verified
question
The most important research method of the behaviorists was ____.
answer
the conditioned reflex method
question
Watson described conditioning in terms of ____.
answer
stimulus substitution
question
All of Watson's methods are based on the concept of ____.
answer
observation
question
Watson adopted the conditioned reflex method of research established by ____.
answer
Pavlov and Bekhterev
question
According to Watson, the elements of behavior are ____.
answer
the body's muscular movement and glandular responses
question
For Watson, a response or behavioral "act" ____.
answer
involves a response through movement in space
question
In Watson's system, implicit responses are those that are ____.
answer
potentially observable
question
For Watson, stimuli ____.
answer
may be simple or complex
question
Watson predicted that the laws of behavior would be identified when ____.
answer
behaviors were reduced to their basic S-R units
question
Watson listed how many instincts in his 1914 book on comparative psychology?
answer
11
question
In Watson's final system, instincts ____.
answer
do not exist
question
Which of the following statements would Watson endorse?
answer
Emotions are equal to internal physiological changes.
question
How many fundamental emotions were seen in infants, according to Watson?
answer
3
question
According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were ____.
answer
fear, rage, and love
question
For Watson, emotions are explained by the ____.
answer
internal physiological responses to a stimulus
question
In Watson's system, fear, rage, and love are ____.
answer
unconditioned responses
question
Watson rejected the whole notion of the unconscious because ____.
answer
it, like the rest of psychoanalysis, was voodooism and it could not be objectively observed
question
The Little Albert study ____.
answer
has never been replicated
question
The first person to de-condition a learned fear was ____.
answer
Jones
question
Mary Cover Jones's study of Peter ____.
answer
was a forerunner of behavior therapy
question
For Watson, the mentalistic term thinking could be ____.
answer
redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking measured by its behavior correlates (gestures) observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus
question
Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by ____.
answer
replacing religion-based ethics with experimental ethics
question
An early popularizer of psychology was ____.
answer
both Jastrow and Wiggam
question
A major criticism of Watson's system is that it discounts ____.
answer
sensation and perception
question
One criticism of Watson was that his strict objectivity ____.
answer
was hard to achieve
question
One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ____ principle of ____.
answer
Lashley's; equipotentiality
question
The efficiency of learning is a function of the total amount of brain tissue; this is ____ law of ____.
answer
Lashley's; mass action
question
Some argue that humans should learn more readily than lower animals because of humans' greater amount of gray matter. Such a belief is variation of ____.
answer
Lashley's law of mass action
question
McDougall believed that human behavior ____.
answer
derives from innate tendencies
question
McDougall's arguments against Watson included that ____.
answer
humans had free will and data pertaining to consciousness were valuable
question
McDougall's argument that the data of consciousness are an appropriate focus of research was later upheld by the ____.
answer
humanistic school and social learning theorists
question
McDougall was especially critical of Watson's ____.
answer
determinism
question
According to the text, Watson's primary contribution to psychology was ___.
answer
his advocacy of a science of behavior that was objective in methods and language
question
In the long run, Watson's behaviorism ____.
answer
was absorbed into the mainstream of psychology and thereby lost its distinctiveness and revolutionary spirit and initiative