Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to
overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best
described as
A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychotherapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
answer
B
question
The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates
A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.
answer
A
question
The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia best illustrates
A) biomedical therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) cognitive therapy.
answer
A
question
As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers
active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of
free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as
A) psychoanalytic.
B) client-centered.
C) behavioral.
D) eclectic.
answer
D
question
Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as
A) counterconditioning.
B) active listening.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) psychoanalysis.
answer
D
question
Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients
A) focus on their immediate conscious feelings.
B) feel more trusting toward others.
C) become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
D) develop greater self-esteem.
answer
C
question
Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association?
A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Aaron Beck
D) Mary Cover Jones
answer
B
question
Free association involves the
A) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
B) repeated association of a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
C) uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind.
D) replacement of a negative response to a harmless stimulus
answer
C
question
Sheena's therapist tells her to relax, close her eyes, and state aloud whatever comes to
mind no matter how trivial or absurd it seems. The therapist is using a technique that
is central to
A) client-centered therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.
answer
B
question
In psychoanalysis, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of
A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) counterconditioning.
D) unconditional positive regard.
answer
B
question
Psychoanalysis would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains
the process of
A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) dream interpretation.
D) repression.
answer
D
question
Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he
complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A therapist using
psychoanalysis would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of
A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) counterconditioning.
D) insight.
answer
A
question
Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote
A) transference.
B) counterconditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) insight.
answer
D
question
An analyst who points out a patient's resistance to continuing the process of free
association and provides the patient with insight into the reason for this resistance is
engaging in
A) systematic desensitization.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.
answer
C
question
The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with
A) cognitive therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) psychoanalysis.
answer
D
question
The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is
known as
A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) free association.
D) counterconditioning.
answer
A
question
Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward
his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A therapist using
psychoanalysis would most likely consider Mr. Phillips's hostility to be an example
of
A) transference.
B) free association.
C) counterconditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.
answer
A
question
Psychoanalysis is most likely to involve
A) attending to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.
B) associating a patient's undesirable behavior with unpleasant experiences.
C) repeating or rephrasing what a patient says during the course of therapy.
D) helping patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
answer
A
question
Which form of therapy is most likely to be described as expensive and timeconsuming?
A) systematic desensitization
B) client-centered therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) cognitive therapy
answer
C
question
Some of Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's
A) behavior therapies.
B) psychodynamic therapies.
C) biomedical therapies.
D) cognitive therapies.
answer
B
question
Which form of psychotherapy is most likely to focus on providing clients with
insight into themes evident in their troubling and recurring patterns of social
interaction in a variety of important relationships?
A) client-centered therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) behavior modification
answer
C
question
One therapist reported helping a patient to realize that he couldn't say "I love you" to
his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly. The therapist's efforts to restore the
patient's awareness of his wishes and his reactions against these wishes best illustrate
A) exposure therapy.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) counterconditioning.
answer
C
question
A psychodynamic approach to therapy is most likely to involve
A) training patients in progressive relaxation.
B) suggesting interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.
C) recommending the use of drugs during the process of psychotherapy.
D) encouraging depressed patients to take more responsibility for their failures.
answer
B
question
A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for
her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers
during her childhood. The therapist's goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of
A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.
answer
A
question
A brief variation of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating
depression is known as
A) stress inoculation training.
B) exposure therapy.
C) behavior modification.
D) interpersonal psychotherapy.
26.
answer
D
question
Interpersonal therapy focuses primarily on helping people to
A) stop blaming themselves for their failures.
B) associate relaxation with stressful circumstances.
C) improve their relationship skills.
D) understand the origins of their conflicts.
answer
C
question
The psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as
A) behavior therapies.
B) biomedical therapies.
C) insight therapies.
D) eclectic therapies.
answer
C
question
Increasing clients' awareness of their own motives and defenses is a central goal of
A) exposure therapies.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) progressive relaxation.
D) insight therapies.
answer
D
question
Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek
to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.
A) psychodynamic
B) biomedical
C) behavior
D) humanistic
answer
D
question
Humanistic therapies are most likely to involve
A) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive
behaviors.
B) focusing special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their
therapists.
C) emphasizing the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment.
D) helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
answer
C
question
Carl Rogers is known for the development of
A) the token economy.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.
answer
C
question
Which of the following is considered to be the most nondirective form of therapy?
A) client-centered therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) systematic desensitization
answer
A
question
As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the
nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to
diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of
________ therapy.
A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) operant conditioning
D) client-centered
answer
D
question
Letting another person know that you sense and understand the feelings he or she is
expressing to you best demonstrates
A) transference.
B) progressive relaxation.
C) active listening.
D) free association.
answer
C
question
Tom tells his therapist that his girlfriend undermines his ability to make his own
decisions. The therapist acknowledges Tom's apparent frustration and irritation and
asks him to clarify how his girlfriend's actions trigger such strong feelings in him.
The therapist's technique best illustrates
A) systematic desensitization.
B) active listening.
C) interepretation.
D) stress inoculation training.
answer
B
question
Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of
unconditional positive regard?
A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) client-centered therapy
D) systematic desensitization
answer
C
question
A therapist who nonjudgmentally accepts and values a client even when aware of the
client's personal failings most clearly demonstrates
A) progressive relaxation.
B) free association.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) transference.
answer
C
question
Client-centered therapy is most likely to involve
A) helping clients associate anxiety-arousing stimuli with a pleasant state of relaxation.
B) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive
behaviors.
C) restating and clarifying what clients say during the course of therapy.
D) vigorously challenging clients' self-defeating thoughts.
answer
C
question
Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________.
A) psychoanalysis; counterconditioning
B) free association; active listening
C) dream analysis; systematic desensitization
D) active listening; empathy
answer
B
question
Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling
symptoms than with facilitating new ways of thinking?
A) psychoanalysis
B) behavior therapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) cognitive therapy
answer
B
question
Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment
toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, "No, Cindy, your problem isn't
unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting." It sounds like Cindy's therapist is
applying principles of ________ therapy.
A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic
answer
A
question
Principles derived from psychologists' understanding of classical conditioning have
most directly influenced the development of
A) humanistic therapies.
B) cognitive therapies.
C) psychodynamic therapies.
D) behavior therapies.
answer
D
question
Repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus that triggers distress with an
unconditioned stimulus that triggers pleasure best illustrates
A) free association.
B) counterconditioning.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) unconditional positive regard.
answer
B
question
Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by
A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) B.F. Skinner.
D) Sigmund Freud.
answer
A
question
O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm
to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic
application of
A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) classical conditioning.
answer
D
question
To reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her
immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best
illustrates the technique of
A) stress inoculation training.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) counterconditioning.
answer
D
question
Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of
A) stress inoculation training.
B) exposure therapies.
C) behavior modification.
D) transference.
answer
B
question
Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?
A) the token economy
B) systematic desensitization
C) stress inoculation training
D) interpersonal psychotherapy
answer
B
question
The exposure therapies used today were refined by
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Joseph Wolpe.
C) Egas Moniz.
D) Carl Rogers.
answer
B
question
The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a
central feature of
A) humanistic therapy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) stress inoculation training.
answer
B
question
Systematic desensitization involves the use of
A) aversive conditioning.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) progressive relaxation.
answer
D
question
The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important
aspects of
A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) interpersonal psychotherapy.
D) stress inoculation training.
answer
B
question
To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him
to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people. The therapist is using
A) client-centered therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) aversive conditioning.
answer
C
question
Mr. Vogt is terribly afraid of being alone in his own house at night. The behavior
therapy most likely to be used to reduce this fear would be
A) free association.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) aversive conditioning.
answer
B
question
With ________, the therapist replaces a fearful response with a relaxation response.
A) systematic desensitization
B) free association
C) aversive conditioning
D) transference
answer
A
question
Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning?
A) unconditional positive regard
B) stress inoculation training
C) virtual reality exposure therapy
D) free association
answer
C
question
Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of
A) hallucinations.
B) obsessions.
C) depression.
D) phobias.
answer
D
question
Aversive conditioning involves
A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.
B) identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
C) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
D) systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors.
answer
C
question
To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a nasty-tasting nail
polish. This procedure best illustrates
A) transference.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.
answer
C
question
Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother
immediately spanks her. The mother's technique most closely resembles the
procedure known as
A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) stress inoculation training.
answer
C
question
If therapy clients repeatedly imbibe an alcoholic drink mixed with a nauseaproducing
drug, an alcoholic drink without the drug is likely to become a(n)
________ for feelings of nausea.
A) US
B) UR
C) CS
D) CR
answer
C
question
Mrs. Laiti is a compulsive gambler. To reduce her attraction to this self-defeating
activity, a behavior therapist would most likely use
A) stress inoculation training.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) aversive conditioning.
answer
D
question
Principles of operant conditioning have most directly influenced the development of
A) cognitive therapies.
B) humanistic therapies.
C) behavior therapies.
D) psychodynamic therapies.
answer
C
question
The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning
principles.
A) unconditional positive regard
B) systematic desensitization
C) free association
D) behavior modification
answer
D
question
Influencing patients by therapeutically controlling the consequences of their actions
illustrates an application of
A) humanistic therapy.
B) classical conditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) operant conditioning.
answer
D
question
In one treatment program, parents spent 40 hours a week attempting to shape the
behavior of their uncommunicative 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder. This
program most clearly involved
A) client-centered therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) stress inoculation training.
answer
B
question
What would be most helpful for encouraging adults with intellectual disabilities to
make their beds every morning?
A) cognitive therapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) a token economy
D) systematic desensitization
answer
C
question
In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired
behaviors?
A) a token economy
B) systematic desensitization
C) aversive conditioning
D) free association
answer
A
question
Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who
achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students
can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application
of
A) transference.
B) operant conditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) counterconditioning.
answer
B
question
Which of the following is most often criticized for violating clients' rights to personal
freedom and self-determination?
A) cognitive therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) behavior modification
D) systematic desensitization
answer
C
question
Proponents of ________ have argued that maintaining appropriate patient behaviors
with positive rewards is more humane than relying on punishment.
A) stress inoculation training
B) aversive conditioning
C) token economies
D) free association
answer
C
question
Cognitive therapies are most likely to focus on the extent to which emotional
disturbances result from
A) self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events.
B) chemical abnormalities within the brain.
C) overly permissive child-raising practices.
D) poverty, unemployment, racism, and sexism.
answer
A
question
Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances
beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapy.
A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) client-centered
D) behavior
answer
B
question
Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college, he feels depressed and
academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how
his good grades resulted from his own hard work and personal abilities. This
therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy.
A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic
answer
B
question
Self-blaming explanations of bad events often fuel a depressed mood that leads to
behavioral withdrawal and the later pain of feeling lonely. This best illustrates that
depression may involve
A) a vicious cycle.
B) a token economy.
C) transference.
D) systematic desensitization.
answer
A
question
Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about
themselves and their futures is most characteristic of
A) Rogers' client-centered therapy.
B) Beck's cognitive therapy.
C) Wolpe's exposure therapy.
D) Freud's psychoanalysis.
answer
B
question
Aaron Beck has used gentle questioning intended to reveal depressed clients'
irrational thinking. His therapeutic approach best illustrates
A) unconditional positive regard.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) free association.
answer
C
question
Because he performed below the class average on his first college psychology test,
Aaron concluded that he was incredibly stupid, that he would fail the course, and that
he would never be successful in life. Aaron's conclusions best illustrate
A) a token economy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) catastrophizing.
D) transference.
answer
C
question
Which of the following is a form of cognitive therapy?
A) behavior modification
B) systematic desensitization
C) stress inoculation training
D) transference
answer
C
question
Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a
speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up,
Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This
approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates
A) aversive conditioning.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) stress inoculation training.
answer
D
question
Counteracting self-blame by reattributing responsibility for past negative outcomes is
a cognitive therapy technique designed to
A) reveal beliefs.
B) test beliefs.
C) change beliefs.
D) rank beliefs.
answer
C
question
By examining the actual consequences associated with anxiety-provoking situations,
cognitive therapy clients usually find that the consequences are not as bad as they had
imagined. This most directly helps to
A) reattribute responsibility.
B) decatastrophize thinking.
C) rank emotions and thoughts.
D) promote transference.
answer
B
question
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is designed to
A) combine drug therapy with psychotherapy.
B) focus attention on clients' negative as well as positive feelings toward their
therapists.
C) modify clients' self-defeating thoughts and their maladaptive behaviors.
D) encourage clients to value their unique moment-to-moment feelings.
answer
C
question
Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed clients for their participation in pleasant activities
and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from
engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates
A) exposure therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
answer
D
question
In one study, people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain
functioning. Instead of giving in to an urge, they participated in an alternative activity
that engaged other parts of the brain. This strategy for dealing with their difficulty
best illustrates
A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
answer
B
question
A useful feature of group therapy is that it
A) ensures that therapists will become more emotionally involved in clients' real-life
problems.
B) eliminates the possibility that clients will experience anxiety during therapy.
C) encourages clients to improve their communication skills.
D) enables severely disturbed individuals to quickly regain normal social functioning
answer
C
question
The belief that no person is an island is the fundamental assumption of
A) family therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.
answer
A
question
Which form of treatment is especially likely to focus on the goal of healing social
relationships?
A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) family therapy
D) cognitive therapy
answer
C
question
To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her
weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is
most characteristic of
A) biomedical therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) family therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
answer
C
question
Many self-help groups have emulated the use of ________ by Alcoholics
Anonymous.
A) free association
B) progressive relaxation
C) a 12-step program
D) systematic desensitization
answer
C
question
AA participants whose personal stories include a ________ narrative are more often
successful in sustaining sobriety.
A) death-anxiety
B) redemptive
C) lost relationship
D) self-victimization
answer
B
question
Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that
A) clients are generally satisfied with the effectiveness of therapy.
B) clients' perceptions are the best evidence available for the effectiveness of therapy.
C) clients tend to underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy.
D) therapy is no more effective than having a friend to talk to.
answer
A
question
The healing power resulting from a client's expectation that a psychotherapeutic
treatment will be effective best illustrates
A) the therapeutic alliance.
B) the comorbidity of disorders.
C) meta-analysis.
D) the placebo effect.
answer
D
question
Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic
treatment for her anxiety disorder, Mrs. Shyam felt considerable relief for several
weeks following the test. Mrs. Shyam's reaction best illustrates
A) meta-analysis.
B) animal magnetism.
C) the placebo effect.
D) a randomized clinical trial.
answer
C
question
Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading
because clients
A) typically underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy.
B) tend to focus on their behavioral changes rather than on changes in their attitudes
and emotions.
C) often need to convince themselves that they didn't waste their money on therapy.
D) are often angry about the time-consuming nature of therapy.
answer
C
question
Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be
misleading because
A) therapists typically minimize the seriousness of their clients' symptoms when
therapy begins.
B) clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being
at the end of therapy.
C) clients tend to focus on their observable behavioral problems rather than on their
mental and emotional abilities.
D) therapists typically overestimate their clients' potential levels of adjustment.
answer
B
question
Hans Eysenck's summary of 24 early psychotherapy outcome studies was disturbing
because it suggested that patient improvement was not necessarily the result of
A) animal magnetism.
B) the placebo effect.
C) psychotherapy.
D) comorbidity.
answer
C
question
The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing
treatment groups with ________ groups.
A) eclectic
B) token economy
C) control
D) virtual reality
answer
C
question
Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many
different studies?
A) therapeutic alliance
B) randomized clinical trials
C) meta-analysis
D) evidence-based practice
answer
C
question
Klaus is a psychology graduate student who wants to determine whether
psychodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for depression. To combine the
results of numerous published studies on this issue, Klaus should use a technique
called
A) the placebo effect.
B) comorbidity assessment.
C) evidence-based practice.
D) meta-analysis.
answer
D
question
Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that
A) psychotherapy is no more effective than talking to a friend.
B) no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.
C) psychotherapy actually harms just as many people as it helps.
D) it is impossible to measure the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
answer
B
question
A Consumer Reports survey found that the level of satisfaction with psychotherapy
among clients
A) was strongly linked to whether their therapists had extensive training and
experience.
B) was unrelated to whether they were seen by therapists in a group or in an individual
context.
C) depended on whether they had been treated by a psychiatrist or psychologist, rather
than by a social worker.
D) was greatest among those who had also received drug therapy.
answer
B
question
Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of
A) phobias.
B) depression.
C) compulsions.
D) bed-wetting.
answer
B
question
Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively
avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests that an
especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve
A) client-centered therapy.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) behavioral conditioning therapy.
answer
D
question
Psychotherapy is MOST likely to be effective in freeing
A) Sharon from the feeling that her life is meaningless and worthless.
B) Portia from her delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations.
C) Jim from an excessive fear of giving speeches in public.
D) Luther from his antisocial personality disorder.
answer
C
question
Which of the following treatment approaches has received little or no scientific
support?
A) psychodynamic therapy
B) exposure therapies
C) energy therapies
D) aversive conditioning
answer
C
question
Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires
A) client-centered therapy.
B) light exposure therapy.
C) evidence-based practice.
D) a token economy.
answer
C
question
Ideal clinical decision making is a three-legged stool upheld by clinical expertise,
knowledge of the patient, and
A) transference.
B) a token economy.
C) research evidence.
D) the self-justification motive.
answer
C
question
At a local community meeting with friends, Jim heard dozens of personal
testimonials regarding the amazing relief from depression produced by an over-thecounter
herbal supplement. Before committing to purchase this herbal remedy, Jim
should first determine whether studies of the effectiveness of this remedy had
properly controlled for
A) meta-analysis.
B) exposure therapy.
C) the placebo effect.
D) a token economy.
answer
C
question
EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of
A) alcohol use disorder.
B) bulimia.
C) depression.
D) anxiety.
answer
D
question
Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value
of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?
A) meta-analysis
B) comorbidity assessment
C) randomized clinical trials
D) the placebo effect
answer
D
question
Many suspect that EMDR may be therapeutic because of its similarity to
A) psychoanalysis.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) exposure therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
answer
C
question
Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those with a
seasonal pattern in their depression symptoms?
A) behavioral conditioning therapies
B) EMDR
C) psychoanalysis
D) light exposure therapy
answer
D
question
The value of light exposure therapy appears to result in part from its influence on
people's
A) hormones.
B) therapeutic alliance.
C) sense of body balance.
D) visual acuity.
answer
A
question
Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are
A) evidence-based practice, nondirective treatment, and meta-analysis.
B) hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship.
C) exposure, desensitization, and relaxation.
D) insight, comorbidity, and a placebo effect.
answer
B
question
The psychotherapeutic value of hope is best illustrated by
A) meta-analysis.
B) the placebo effect.
C) desensitization.
D) animal magnetism.
answer
B
question
After several sessions, Jake and his psychotherapist have developed a sense of trust
in each another and agree about their respective roles and the treatment outcomes
they are working to achieve. Jake and his therapist have most clearly developed a(n)
A) evidence-based practice.
B) randomized clinical trial.
C) therapeutic alliance.
D) meta-analysis.
answer
C
question
Which of the following is most clearly a key contributor to the formation of the
therapeutic alliance?
A) meta-analysis
B) the self-justification motive
C) randomization
D) an empathic therapist
answer
D
question
Immigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American
psychotherapists who emphasize the value of
A) marital fidelity.
B) individualism.
C) forgiveness.
D) humility.
answer
B
question
Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who
share their cultural values facilitates
A) the therapeutic alliance.
B) comorbidity.
C) evidence-based practice.
D) meta-analysis.
answer
A
question
Many clinical psychologists have a Ph.D. degree, which indicates that they
A) have a medical license.
B) underwent research training.
C) majored in psychoanalysis.
D) had to undergo EMDR.
answer
B
question
A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a
A) clinical psychologist.
B) behavioral neuroscientist.
C) cognitive therapist.
D) psychiatrist.
answer
D
question
Although Dr. Anderson uses systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias,
he prescribes antianxiety drugs as well. It is most likely that Dr. Anderson is a
A) psychoanalyst.
B) client-centered therapist.
C) cognitive therapist.
D) psychiatrist.
answer
D
question
The biomedical treatment most widely used today is
A) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) psychosurgery.
C) drug therapy.
D) rTMS.
answer
C
question
The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called
A) psychosurgery.
B) psychobiology.
C) ECT.
D) psychopharmacology.
answer
D
question
Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which the
effectiveness of a drug is attributable to
A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) a placebo effect.
D) rTMS.
answer
C
question
The double-blind procedure involves
A) using drug therapy on one patient and brain stimulation on another.
B) a research method in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a
given patient is receiving a drug or a placebo.
C) the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic treatments in the hope that at least
one will be effective.
D) administering deep-brain stimulation to those whose depression has resisted drug
therapy.
answer
B
question
Dr. Volz is a researcher who wants to distinguish between the direct effects of a new
antianxiety medication and effects arising from expectations of the drug's
effectiveness. Dr. Volz is most likely to use a method known as
A) the double-blind procedure.
B) neurogenesis.
C) rTMS.
D) ECT.
answer
A
question
Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients
with positive symptoms?
A) lithium
B) D-cycloserine
C) chlorpromazine
D) Ativan
answer
C
question
Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of
A) dissociative disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) depression.
D) anxiety disorders.
answer
B
question
Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs
that block receptor sites for dopamine?
A) Amir, who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't
know why
B) Matthew, who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job
C) Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed
D) Marcella, who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts
her heartbeats aloud
answer
C
question
Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of
the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This menacing condition is known as
A) serotonin reuptake inhibition.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) Parkinson's disease.
D) neurogenesis.
answer
B
question
Although many of the newer-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperdal, are less
likely to produce disturbing tremors and twitches, these drugs may increase the risk
of
A) bipolar disorder.
B) memory loss.
C) panic disorder.
D) obesity.
answer
D
question
Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?
A) antipsychotic drugs
B) antianxiety drugs
C) antidepressant drugs
D) mood-stabilizing drugs
answer
B
question
To help an adult client overcome fears of venturing out of his home, Dr. Ricci plans
to use behavior therapy in combination with drug therapy. Which of the following
drugs would Dr. Ricci be most likely to prescribe?
A) lithium
B) Depakote
C) Ativan
D) Thorazine
answer
C
question
Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Ativan?
A) Mary, who is being treated with systematic desensitization to overcome a fear of
flying
B) Mark, who is receiving psychodynamic therapy to improve his relationship with his
wife
C) June, who is being treated with aversive conditioning to overcome alcohol use
disorder
D) Aaron, who is receiving cognitive therapy to overcome major depressive disorder
answer
A
question
Which drug enhances the benefits of exposure therapy and helps relieve the
symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
A) Risperdal
B) Depakote
C) Thorazine
D) D-cycloserine
answer
D
question
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety
drug are indicative of
A) rTMS.
B) neurogenesis.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) addiction.
answer
D
question
Increasing the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin helps relieve depression
because these neurotransmitters
A) reduce tardive dyskinesia.
B) increase appetite.
C) elevate arousal.
D) occupy dopamine receptor sites.
answer
C
question
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called
A) antipsychotic drugs.
B) mood-stabilizing drugs.
C) antianxiety drugs.
D) SSRIs.
answer
D
question
Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are prescribed to
A) reduce involuntary muscle movements.
B) reduce hallucinations and paranoia.
C) elevate arousal and mood.
D) decrease the availability of norepinephrine.
answer
C
question
SSRIs work by
A) speeding recovery from delusions and hallucinations.
B) slowing the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses.
C) successfully leveling the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder.
D) stimulating the release of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
answer
B
question
Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his
own life. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is
A) Ativan.
B) Prozac.
C) Xanax.
D) Thorazine.
answer
B
question
Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of
A) dopamine and acetylcholine.
B) serotonin and dopamine.
C) acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
D) norepinephrine and serotonin.
answer
D
question
Researchers are exploring the possible use of quicker-acting antidepressants such as
ketamine, which blocks receptor sites for the neurotransmitter
A) serotonin.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) glutamate.
answer
D
question
Antidepressant drugs have been found to be less effective than originally thought in
large part because patient improvement often results from both natural recovery and
A) the double-blind procedure.
B) the placebo effect.
C) neurogenesis.
D) long-term potentiation.
answer
B
question
Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of
A) anxiety disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) bipolar disorder.
answer
D
question
Mr. McCardle's excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically
interrupted by episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power
and a grandiose optimism about his future. Which drug would most likely be
prescribed to alleviate his symptoms?
A) Ativan
B) Thorazine
C) Xanax
D) lithium
answer
D
question
Depakote, a drug originally used to treat epilepsy, more recently has been found to be
effective in the control of
A) tardive dyskinesia.
B) auditory hallucinations.
C) manic episodes.
D) phobias.
answer
C
question
Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely
depressed patients who have not responded to drug therapy?
A) a lobotomy
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) therapeutic lifestyle change
D) the double-blind procedure
answer
B
question
A biomedical treatment for severe depression in which a brief electrical current is
sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient is
A) a lobotomy.
B) the double-blind procedure.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) rTMS.
answer
C
question
Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive
therapy?
A) Mark, who feels so depressed that he recently tried to commit suicide
B) Mary, who suffers from amnesia and has lost her sense of identity
C) Jim, who experiences visual hallucinations and suffers from a delusion that enemy
spies are following him
D) Luke, who suffers from a compulsion to wash his hands at least once every 15
minutes
answer
A
question
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment
of
A) schizophrenia.
B) phobias.
C) depression.
D) PTSD.
answer
C
question
Compared with ECT, rTMS is ________ likely to produce seizures and ________
likely to produce memory loss.
A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more
answer
B
question
It has been suggested that the effectiveness of ________ results from energizing the
left frontal lobe of the brain.
A) a lobotomy
B) rTMS
C) Xanax
D) tardive dyskinesia
answer
B
question
The use of deep-brain stimulation for treating depression involves manipulating
activity in a neural hub that bridges the frontal lobes to the
A) thalamus.
B) temporal lobes.
C) reticular formation.
D) limbic system.
answer
D
question
Deep-brain stimulation is a form of
A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behavior therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.
answer
D
question
Although more research is needed, deep-brain stimulation shows some promise for
the treatment of
A) auditory hallucinations.
B) addictive drug cravings.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
answer
B
question
Though not performed today, lobotomies provide a historical example of
A) psychosurgery.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) neurogenesis.
answer
A
question
Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling
centers of the inner brain is called
A) psychopharmacology.
B) neurogenesis.
C) a lobotomy.
D) ECT.
answer
C
question
Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or
violent patients?
A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) the double-blind technique
C) lobotomy
D) rTMS
answer
C
question
Which of the following procedures has typically resulted in patients becoming
permanently lethargic?
A) deep-brain stimulation
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) a lobotomy
D) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
answer
C
question
Antidepressant drugs, a fresh perspective on his problems, and a strong therapeutic
alliance all contributed to helping David recover from major depressive disorder. An
integrated understanding of David's recovery process is best provided by
A) rTMS.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) a client-centered perspective.
answer
C
question
Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are
important components of
A) psychopharmacology.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) natural recovery.
D) therapeutic lifestyle change.
answer
D
question
Which of the following is one of the goals promoted in training programs for
therapeutic lifestyle change?
A) long-term potentiation
B) deep-brain stimulation
C) neurogenesis
D) anti-rumination
answer
D
question
Connie is a 20-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy
workload associated with being a full-time college student. Which of the following
would most likely help her to avoid or minimize episodes of depression?
A) a token economy
B) therapeutic lifestyle change
C) systematic desensitization
D) aversive conditioning
answer
B
question
Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders
result from
A) repressed impulses and conflicts.
B) stressful social situations.
C) abnormal personality traits.
D) long-term potentiation.
answer
B
question
Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to
alleviate the conditions that cause child abuse and illiteracy in society?
A) biomedical therapy
B) psychopharmacology
C) preventive mental health
D) psychosurgery
answer
C
question
Research and social action designed to create environments that support
psychological health best defines the focus of
A) psychiatry.
B) community psychology.
C) psychopharmacology.
D) clinical psychology
answer
B
question
More than 9 in 10 New Yorkers, although stunned and grief-stricken by the 9/11
terrorist attack, did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction. This best illustrates
A) systematic desensitization.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) resistance.
D) resilience.
answer
D
question
People whose life history includes some adversity often come to enjoy better mental
health and well-being than those who have never faced any significant adversity. This
best illustrates the importance of
A) a placebo effect.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) a psychodynamic perspective.
D) posttraumatic growth.
answer
D
question
Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and who begin to
savor the joy of each new day best illustrate
A) psychopharmacology.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) posttraumatic growth.
D) long-term potentiation.
answer
C
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