Gov 2 The founding and the constitution

21 April 2023
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What was the primary goal of the Constitution's framers?
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to create an effective government
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What led the British to raise taxes on the American colonists during the 1760s?
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the French and Indian Wars
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Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around what famous political slogan?
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"No taxation without representation"
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The Stamp Act was a
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a. tax on commerce.
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Who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre?
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John Adams
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Who was not appointed to help draft the Declaration of Independence?
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George Washington
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A ______ is a system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for powers expressly delegated to a national government.
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confederacy
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The first written constitution for the United States was called
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c. the Articles of Confederation.
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Under the United States' first constitution
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there was no president.
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How was the power in Congress divided under the Articles of Confederation?
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Each state had an equal vote.
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Under the Articles of Confederation, it was left to the ______ to execute the laws passed by Congress.
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states
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The Articles of Confederation were adopted in
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1777
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A conference held to analyze perceived flaws in the articles of confederation was called the
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Annapolis Convention
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Which was the only state not to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention?
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Rhode Island
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Shay's Rebellion was significant because it
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convinced many observers that the government of the Confederation had become dangerously inefficient and indecisive.
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According to historian Charles Beard, the framers of the Constitution were most concerned with
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promoting their economic interests.
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The Virginia Plan of the Constitutional Convention proposed a system of representation in the national legislature that was based upon
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the population of each state or the proportion of each state's revenue contribution or both.
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What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?
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a. Representation would be equal for each state.
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During the Philadelphia Convention, the New Jersey Plan was supported by
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less populous states.
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The issue of representation, which threatened to wreck the entire Constitutional Convention, was resolved by the Great Compromise, also called the
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b. Connecticut Compromise.
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Which of the following was a consequence of the Three-Fifths Compromise?
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a. It allowed for a political agreement between the North and the South.
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The Great Compromise led to the
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b. creation of a bicameral (two house) Congress.
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The ability of the president to veto a bill passed by Congress is a good example of what principle of limited government?
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checks and balances
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The electoral college is
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designed to select the president
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The framers of the Constitution intended to create a presidency capable of
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withstanding excessive popular pressure by making it subject to indirect election through the electoral college.
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Which of the following was designed by the framers to be an office directly elected by the people?
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member of the House of Representatives
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What is the term length of a member of the House of Representatives?
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two years
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Which of the following was a way the framers tried to make the Senate a check against excessive democracy?
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a. The Senate has staggered terms of office.
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Only one- thirds of the Senate is up for re-election during any single election year because the framers believed that
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c. this was the only way to protect the Senate against radical changes.
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Judicial review is the power of
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the courts to decide on the constitutionality of actions taken by the other branches of government.
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What is the term length of a federal judge?
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two years
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To amend the Constitution requires a ______ vote by Congress, and approval by ______ of the states.
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two-thirds; three-fourths
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The supremacy clause
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states that Congress is the most powerful branch of the government.
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Whose "political gospel" inspired the framers to adopt the concept of the separation of powers?
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Montesquieu
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The system of shared powers, divided between a central government and the states, is called
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federalism.
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During the ratification debates, who were the Antifederalists?
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those who opposed the new Constitution because they wanted a weaker central government
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In the national debate over ratification of the new Constitution, the Federalists
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supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government.
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Who were the writers of the Federalist Papers?
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a. James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton
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Brutus and Federal Farmer are two pseudonyms used by the
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Antifederalists.
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Each of the following was an Antifederalist except
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John Jay.
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The Antifederalists argued that the powers of government should be limited by
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both confining the powers of the federal government to certain narrowly defined areas and adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.
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The Federalists believed that the powers of government could be limited by
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e. preventing government from collecting revenue through taxation.
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The most common method of passing an amendment to the Constitution is
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passage in both houses of Congress by a two-thirds vote, followed by a majority vote in three-fourths of the state legislature.
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How many amendments are there to the U.S. Constitution?
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twenty-seven
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Which constitutional principle of the United States has been most frequently imitated by other nations?
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written constitutions
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Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail to pass?
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It failed to get the approval of enough state legislatures.
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The most important political value for the framers of the Constitution was
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individual liberty.
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The idea of a "living constitution" means
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the judiciary can shape the interpretation of the Constitution in line with contemporary problems and values.