US History 1 Chapter 7 Review

Alexander Hamilton

Daniel Shays

Henry Knox

John Adams

Hector Crevecoeur

George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

Little Turtle

Patrick Henry

James Madison

Arthur St. Clair

James Winthrop

Articles of Confederation

Federalism

Viriginia Plan

Checks and balances

The Federalist

New Jersey Plan

Three-fifths clause

Treaty of Greenville

Naturalization Act of 1790

Bill of Rights

Slave Trade

Somerset Case

Which of the following was a characteristic of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation? A. Congress was a two-chambered body, with a House of Delegates and a Council. B. Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. C. Congress could amend the Articles by a two-thirds vote. D. There were two branches of government-judicial and legislative-but not executive E. The more populous a state, the more votes it cast in Congress

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress was able to: A. establish national control over land to the west of the thirteen states. B. sign major treaties with France and Spain. C. create a new tax policy that would better fund the government. D. eliminate a provision of giving judges power to reject congressional acts. E. block the passage of numerous constitutional amendments.

What was congress able to accomplish with its Native American policy under the Articles of Confederation? A. Nothing; Congress was so powerless under the Articles that nothing happened in this area. B. It negotiated treaties for the tribes to keep their lands, but Congress was so lacking in power that the treaties proved useless. C. Congress demanded and received surrenders of large amounts of Indian land north of the Ohio River and in the South. D. Congress backed away from any involvement when land companies requested that the government step aside and leave the West's economic development in private hands. E. Congress recruited enough state militias to force the Native Americans off their land.

Why did Congress claim that some Indians had forfeited their land rights in the aftermath of independence? A. Because they did not farm it. B. Because they had never believed that the Indians owned the land. C. Because they were racially inferior. D. Because they had no written title to the land. E. Because they had aided the British during the war.

In the 1780s, settlers in western areas such as Tennessee and Kentucky: A. were especially attentive to what land belonged to Indians and purchased Indian land legally. B. found that the soil was poor for growing cash crops such as tobacco or cotton and moved westward. C. believed they had a right to take possession of wester lands and use them as they saw fit. D. were largely wealthy plantation owners who helped settle thriving trading towns along the rivers. E. threatened civil war because they considered the Confederation Congress to be too powerful.

Which of the following is true of how the leaders of the new nation viewed settlers moving west across the Appalachians in the 1780s? A. They shared their British predecessors' fears that frontier settlers would fight constantly with Native Americans. B. They viewed them as the start of a brigade that was going to spread American values and virtues across the continent. C. They hated them enough to pass laws banning their movement-much like the British Proclamation of 1763-but the settlers ignored them. D. Benjamin Franklin advocated movement westward, but Thomas Jefferson fought him on it. E. They expressed no views that historians have been able to find.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787: A. established the policy to admit the area's population as equal members of the political system. B. regulated western land sales through a policy that was amicable to the Indians. C. abolished the Articles of Confederation and called for a second Constitutional Convention. D. was the first step in Alexander Hamilton's plan for economic growth. E. declared all Indian land to be the possession of the U.S. government.

With regard to slavery, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787: A. allowed for new territorial governments to ban or permit the institution as they saw fit. B. allowed the importation of slaves into the Old Northwest for at least another twenty years. C. banned slavery in the area north of Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. D. made no difference, because the U.S. Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional the following year. E. gave slaveholders the right to recover slaves who escaped into the area north of the Ohio River.

Under the Articles of Confederation, the states did what with regard to economics? A. They collected money from the Confederation government. B. They sold land under various land ordinances. C. They refused to print money. D. They signed trade agreements with England. E. They created a variety of economic policies.

Which of the following did states NOT do during the period when the Articles of Confederation governed the United States? A. They imposed their own tariffs. B. They printed their own money. C. They postponed debt collection. D. They called out militias to stop foreclosures on the homes of debtors. E. They held legislative elections in which candidates attacked creditors.

Shay's Rebellion was significant because it demonstrated: A. that land distribution policies were out of date. B. that controversies over the emancipation of slaves could turn violent. C. that Congress's attempts to pass pro-debtor laws were unpopular with farmers. D. the need for a stronger central government. E. the chaotic nature of Indian policy after the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Shay's Rebellion: A. drew on the terminology of revolution and liberty. B. was aimed at the Vermont government, which was especially hard on debtors. C. ended only because the Confederation government used force to put it down. D. has the support of George Washington, but not of Thomas Jefferson. E. arose from the struggle to ratify the Constitution in 1787-1788.

James Madison: A. urged an expansion of public liberty. B. played no role at the Constitutional Convention. C. was Thomas Jefferson's ally and disciple. D. opposed the idea of a strong national government. E. distinguished himself as the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention.

Which of the following people would have been the most likely supporter of the Articles of Confederation? A. a merchant desiring access to British markets B. a Continental army officer from the Revolutionary War C. an urban artisan D. a person who owned a bond issued by the Congress E. an indebted farmer in wester Massachusetts

Which two prominent men were not at the Constitutional Convention? A. Benjamin Franklin and John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson and George Washington C. John Adams and George Mason D. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams E. Benjamin Franklin and George Washington

Which of the following does NOT describe those who attended the Constitutional Convention? A. Most were better educated than the average American of the time. B. Most were prosperous by the standards of the day. C. A significant percentage had served in the army during the Revolutionary War. D. Most had earned their wealth after rising from the humble origins. E. A majority had participated in interstate conventions during the 1760s and 1770s

Why did the founding fathers create the electoral college? A. They did not; it was added to the Constitution after the disputed election of 1796. B. Small states insisted that they have a chance to play a role in choosing the president, and that wouldn't have been possible with direct elections. C. Alexander Hamilton wanted a king, James Madison wanted no president, and the result was this compromise so that there could be a president. D. They did not trust ordinary voters to choose the president and vice president directly. E. They knew the Constitution would make them unpopular, so they wanted to create a new way to avoid letting voters choose the president, thereby giving themselves a chance to be elected.

As designed by the Constitution: A. the president was elected by popular vote. B. Senators were to serve two-year terms. C. federal judges were appointed by the president, not elected by the people. D. the congressional representatives were to be appointed by the state legislatures. E. the Supreme Court were to serve ten-year terms.

The relationship between the national government and the states is called: A. the separation of powers. B. the New Jersey Plan. C. Federalism. D. the Virginia Plan. E. the Constitution.

Which of the following is NOT a check against the presidential power in the Constitution? A. Congress can override a president's veto with a two-thirds vote. B. The House can impeach the president for "high crimes and misdemeanors." C. The House can remove the president from office after impeaching him. D. The Congress has the authority to accept or reject some presidential appointments. E. Although the president appoints judges, they serve for life to ensure their independence.

Which of the following is true of the Constitution of 1787 and slavery? A. Despite protests from southern delegates, the document permanently freed runaway slaves who made it to the "free air" of the North. B. The Constitution declared that all territories of the United States would be "free soil" where slavery would not be permitted. C. The Constitution explicitly protected the security of property in slaves in any state of the Union, so that a slave owner could move permanently with his slaves from South to North. D. The Constitution provided for half of a state's slave population to be counted in determining its membership in the House of Representatives. E. Although never using the word "slavery," the document protected several aspects of the institution.

Which of the following is true regarding Congress and the African slave trade in the United States under the Constitution? A. Congress never prohibited this slave trade. B. The First Congress under the Constitution prohibited the importation of slaves into the United States. C. Congress always let individual states make their own decisions with regard to importing slaves. D. Congress prohibited the African slave trade ten years after the ratification of the Constitution. E. Congress prohibited the African slave trade twenty years after the ratification of the Constitution.

How did southern states react to the Constitutions's provisions regarding slavery? A. South Carolina and Georgia immediately began importing increased numbers of Africans, because, in twenty years, the international slave trade could be constitutionally prohibited. B. They refused to ratify the Constitution without assurances that a bill of rights would be added to protect their right to slave property. C. The personal opposition of Jefferson and Madison to slavery prompted Virginia to oppose ratification at first. D. They objected to the electoral college on the grounds that it ignored the number of slaves in their states and thereby reduced their power. E. They were critical of the provision in Article I allowing African Americans to be armed during wartime.

The three-fifths clause in the U.S. Constitution: A. requires that all revenue bills receive a three-fifths affirmative vote in the U.S. House. B. gave the white South greater power in national affairs than the size of its free population warranted. C. explicitly declared that slaves were not fully human and were therefore undeserving of legal rights. D. made it easier to amend the Constitution than it had been to amend the Articles of Confederation. E. expired in the year 1808 because of a key sectional compromise at the Constitutional Convention.

The Constitution explicitly granted Congress the power to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. pass tariffs. B. coin money. C. regulate interstate commerce. D. issue patents. E. emancipate slaves.

The Somerset case: A. ended the importation of slaves into the United States. B. ruled that slavery was unlawful in England. C. freed slaves from the ship Amistad. D. used the language of liberty to rule that free blacks could own property. E. set up the precedent that fugitive slaves had to be returned to their masters.

Who wrote the preamble and put the final written touches on the Constitution? A. Gouverneur Morris B. James Madison C. Ben Franklin D. Alexander Hamilton E. John Jay

The eighty-five essays written in support of ratification of the Constitution are called: A. Wealth of Nations. B. the Articles of Confederation. C. The Federalist. D. "Agrippa." E. The History of the American Revolution.

Who wrote the majority of the eight-five essays in The Federalist? A. Alexander Hamilton B. James Madison C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Jay E. John Adams

In The Federalist, James Madison argued that: A. the large size of the United States was a source of political stability. B. to be a republic, a country must be geographically small. C. church and state must be linked in order to encourage republican virtue. D. it was essential that slavery be abolished for liberty to flourish. E. presidential power must be stronger than that of Congress and the courts.

What was "the first object of government," according to James Madison? A. Feed the poor. B. Protect free speech. C. Guarantee voting rights. D. Protect property rights E. Secure freedom.

Which of the following groups tended to be Anti-Federalist during the ratification debates? A. wealthier citizens B. rural residents closely tied to the commercial marketplace C. merchants engaged in foreign commerce D. state politicians fearful of a strong central government E. urban artisans, laborers, and sailors

Anti-Federalists included: A. Patrick Henry and John Adams. B. George Washington and John Hancock. C. Samuel Adams and James Madison. D. Benjamin Franklin and John Jay. E. Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.

During the process of ratifying the Constitution: A. two states, Rhode Island and North Carolina, voted against ratification. B. Alexander Hamilton reversed himself and argued against ratification. C. propertied men and urban dwellers formed the chief support for the Anti-Federalists. D. northern state conventions unanimously supported ratification while southern ones were deeply divided. E. Thomas Jefferson sent numerous letters from Paris opposing passage, but he was too far away to be really influential.

All of the following statements are true of the Bill of Rights EXCEPT: A. English law strongly influenced some of its provisions. B. It defined, in part, the "unalienable rights" of the Declaration of Independence. C. James Madison considered it unnecessary, but proposed it anyway. D. Reflecting a change in American life cause by the Revolution, it protected religious freedom. E. It explicitly granted states the right of secession.

Which right was heavily influenced by the American Revolutionary period? A. free speech B. freedom from excessive bail C. free press D. freedom of religion E. freedom from cruel and unusual punishment

In The History of the American Revolution, David Ramsay: A. argued that the Constitution represented a repudiation of the Revolution. B. urged southern states to demand greater protection for slavery before ratifying the Constitution. C. praised American state constitutions for allowing future amendments. D. took issue with James Madison's vision of "extending the sphere." E. took the British side when explaining why the Revolution occurred.

The Anti-Federalist James Winthrop argued that a bill of rights was necessary in the Constitution because: A. the English had one, so America ought to mirror that example. B. the right to bear arms for the militia should be guarded by law. C. using the examples of Wilkes and Zenger, the protection of speech and press was essential. D. it would secure the minority against the usurpation and tyranny of the majority. E. ratification of the Constitution was in doubt without the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.

Envisioning the nation as a community open to all those devoted to its political institutions and social values is what? A. ethnic nationalism B. federalism C. separation of powers D. religious toleration E. civic nationalism

Which of the following is true of American national identity as envisioned by the Constitution of 1787? A. the document distinguished only between those defined as American citizens, who were entitled to constitutionally protected rights, and aliens, who were not so entitled. B. The Constitution clearly states that persons of African descent could not be U.S. citizens, but that anyone of European or Asian descent could be. C. The "people" were free Americans; Native Americans and "other persons," meaning African-American slaves, were not considered part of the political nation. D. The Constitution expressly stated that only white men were entitled to the rights it delineated. E. The Constitution made clear that only civic nationalism, not ethnic nationalism, defined American national identity.

Which of the following is true of how the U.S. government in the 1790s dealt with Native Americans? A. Because the Constitution counted all Indians toward representation in Congress, Indians received all rights and privileges that other Americans did. B. Because the Constitution stated Indian tribes were "domestic dependent nations," the government treated them just as it treated nations like Great Britain and France. C. Henry Knox, the first secretary of war, pursued policies designed to exterminate Native Americans. D. The U.S. government made treaties with them mainly to transfer land to itself or to the states. E. No American leaders believed that Native Americans could assimilate into American society, so the government largely ignored Indians.

Who was defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794? A. Arthur St. Clair B. Henry Knox C. Little Turtle D. Tecumseh E. Anthony Wayne

Under the Treaty of Greenville of 1795: A. Great Britain agreed to remove its remaining forts from U.S. soil. B. twelve Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal government. C. the U.S. government allowed Indians to petition for citizenship. D. the federal government forbade American settlement west of Mississippi. E. the U.S. recognized Great Britain's claim to what is now Ontario.

What was the annuity system involving the U.S. government and certain Indian tribes? A. a system under which the Indians ceded land to the United States annually B. a system under which the federal government gave annual monetary grants to Indians C. a system that places Indian on reservations D. a system that allowed a percentage of Indians each year to attend American schools E. a system where the states paid each local tribe an annual fee for their land

Hector St. John Crèvecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer: A. popularized the idea of the United States as a melting pot for ethnicities. B. was a thinly disguised allegory explaining the need for the Constitution. C. made the author so unpopular in the United States that he was forced to return to France. D. argued that America should reject manufacturing and remain and agrarian nation. E. made the case that free African Americans were "citizens of color" deserving of full legal rights.

During the early years of the republic, African-Americans: A. were far fewer in number than Native Americans, so ignoring them was easy for the founders and early leaders. B. enjoyed none of the rights whites enjoyed. C. made up about 20 percent of the total population. D. were all held as slaves except for a few free blacks in Massachusetts. E. found a champion for the cause of emancipation in Hector St. John Crevecoeur.

The Naturalization Act of 1790 allowed: A. all immigrants to become citizens. B. only Irish, English, and German immigrants to become citizens. C. everyone except blacks to become citizens. D. only free white persons to become citizens. E. only white men to become citizens.

Who wrote Notes on the State of Virginia? A. James Madison B. George Mason C. George Washington D. St. George Tucker E. Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson believed that African-Americans: A. should eventually be able to enjoy their natural rights, but they would have to leave the United States to do so. B. who were held in slavery should be emancipated immediately and that every former slave family should be given a forty-acre farm in a western territory. C. should, if legally free, be allowed to marry white persons. D. like Indians, were naturally as intelligent as whites. E. should all be held in slavery because, like Indians, they were clearly inferior to persons of European descent.

By the 1790s, the phrase "we the people" had come to mean what? A. The lower classes of society would share in the economic growth. B. The president would be elected directly by the people. C. Voting rights should increase for both men and women. D. America should remain a nation of farmers. E. Rights were increasing for white Americans.