What is the Executive Office of the President?
The Executive Office of the President (EOP) is the group of agencies that work most closely with the President. These agencies are made up of many advisors and aides. These individuals help the President carry out the duties of the presidency. They manage his day-to-day work. Most of the people in the executive office work in the White House or in nearby buildings. The Executive Office of the President now is staffed by 900 of the President's closest advisors and assistants. President Franklin D. Roosevelt persuaded Congress to set up the EOP in 1939.
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The _____ is the group of agencies made up of many aides and advisors that work most closely with the President on a daily basis.
A) Executive Office of the President
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Who works in the White House Office?
The people who are closest to the President work in the White House Office. This is part of the EOP. Its workers often are longtime supporters of the President. The White House Office includes key officials, such as the press secretary, who supplies White House news to the press. Another assistant helps write the President's speeches. The President also has a personal doctor.
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The President's chief of staff has the most influence and leads the White House Office. The White House advisors give the President legal advice about policy decisions. Other assistants and deputy assistants keep the President informed about such subjects as foreign policy, the economy, Congress, and the public. Most of these people work in the West Wing of the White House.
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The West Wing
The White House is a large structure that includes two office buildings and the President's home. The East and West wings extend from the residence and host key presidential aides and advisors. The President's closest advisors are located in the West Wing, only steps away from the Oval Office.
Why is it important that these advisors be so close to the President's office?
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What is the National Security Council?
The National Security Council (NSC) advises the President about security, or the safety, of the country. The NSC is concerned with military and foreign policy. It often meets on short notice to deal with critical situations as they arise. The President, Vice President, and secretaries of state and defense are all on the National Security Council. The Director of National Intelligence, the President's chief advisor on national security, attends meetings of the NSC. The NSC is a staff agency. This means its job is only to advise the President, not to carry out any policies.
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Who is on the National Security Council?
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The National Security Council is comprised of the President, the Vice President, and the secretaries of state and defense.
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What is the Office of Management and Budget?
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is in charge of preparing the federal budget. This budget is prepared yearly and lists all the income (money) that is expected and the ways it will be spent by the government. When the budget is ready, the President presents it to Congress. The OMB also studies how the executive branch is run. It makes suggestions to the President for improvements and changes.
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The federal budget is very detailed. Each federal agency submits an estimate of the money it will need that year. The OMB holds hearings to decide how much money to give to each federal agency. The OMB also watches over the spending of federal money after Congress authorizes that spending. In addition, the OMB helps write executive orders and the President's veto messages.
The OMB must consider a variety of factors before it creates the President's final budget proposal. Looking at the table, what challenge does the OMB face when creating the budget?
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The _____ is the President's advisor who leads the White House Office.
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chief of staff
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The _____ is responsible for preparing a yearly report showing income and expenses.
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Office of Management and Budget
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What are some of the other offices in the EOP?
The Office of National Drug Control Policy was set up in 1989. It prepares an annual plan to help with the country's war on drugs. The goals of this plan are to reduce illegal drug use and associated crime. The director of this office also helps the other federal agencies involved in drug control.
The Council of Economic Advisers gives the President information and advice about the nation's economy. The President uses this information to prepare the annual Economic Report to Congress.
The Office of Policy Development advises the President on domestic affairs. Domestic affairs are all matters not directly connected to foreign affairs.
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The Council on Environmental Quality seeks to maintain clean water and air, and fosters careful use of natural resources. It sees to it that federal agencies comply with the nation's environmental laws.
The Office of the Vice President is made up of more than 50 employees who help the Vice President with the duties of the office. Over the years, the duties of the Vice President have grown, and so has the size of this office.
The Office of United States Trade Representative advises the President on everything related to foreign trade. The agency has more than 200 people who are experts on trade issues. They travel to all regions of the world for the President to arrange trade agreements and settle problems. The head of this office is an ambassador and may represent the President at foreign trade meetings.
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The Office of Science and Technology Policy advises the President on the development of scientific and technological policies. This office also works with private groups to improve the environment, national security, and education in the field of science and engineering.
The Office of Administration provides clerks, data processors, librarians, financial managers, drivers, messengers, and other support people. These people assist the other units of the Executive Office of the President.
What agencies and advisors are part of the Executive Office of the President, and what are their functions?
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Biography
Lillian Gordy Carter, mother of former President Jimmy Carter, was 68 when she volunteered for the Peace Corps.
Lillian Gordy Carter
Lillian Gordy Carter was born in 1889. As a nurse, she cared for many poor neighbors in Plains, Georgia, without pay. Later, Lillian joined the Peace Corps and served in India for two years. She worked as a nurse in Godrej Colony, about 30 miles from Mumbai. Here she saw extremes of poverty and disease. Communication was difficult because she did not know the native language. She was often cold and her diet was poor. Lillian Carter died of cancer in 1983.
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The Office of Policy Development gives its recommendations to the President about _____.
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domestic affairs
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The purpose of the Office of Administration within the Executive Office of the President is _____.
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to support the other units of the Executive Office
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Executive Office of the President
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an organization of several agencies staffed by the President's closest advisors
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domestic affairs
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all matters not directly connected to foreign affairs; events that happen at home
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staff agency
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an agency that supports the chief executive and other administrators
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foreign policy
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the plan a country follows in dealing with other countries
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Check Your Understanding
The Executive Office of the President (EOP) is a complex organization of agencies staffed by most of the President's closest advisors and assistants.
The White House Office is the "nerve center" of the EOP. It includes the President's chief of staff, who directs White House operations, and other key members of the President's inner circle.
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As part of the EOP, the National Security Council advises the President in all matters that relate to the nation's safety. The President chairs the council.
The EOP's largest unit is the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which prepares the annual federal budget. A budget gives a detailed estimate of the money to be received and spent by the federal government during the coming fiscal year. A fiscal year is the 12-month period used by a government or business for financial management. The federal government's fiscal year begins on October 1.
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The EOP also includes other agencies such as the Office of National Drug Control Policy, which oversees federal efforts to fight drugs. Three of the nation's leading economists make up the Council of Economic Advisers. Still other units of the EOP deal directly with domestic affairs, or matters confined within the United States.
Which organization in the Executive Office of the President prepares the federal budget?
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