History B

Reform elements such as the recall, the referendum, and the initiative were primarily designed to give power to A: trusts. B: political machines. C: voters. D: monopolies.

Which of the following did Emma Hart Willard accomplish in 1826? A: She persuaded Oberlin College to admit women. B: She persuaded the courts to legalize contraception. C: She organized the Seneca Falls Convention. D: She founded the first all-girls high school in the US.

How did Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal help the environment? A: by ending federal irrigation projects B: by preserving the nation's forests C: by clearing and developing land D: by limiting working hours

Which of the following best describes Booker T. Washington? A: a civil rights leader who was born into slavery and later worked to achieve racial equality B: a civil rights leader who was born into slavery and later worked to abolish it C: a civil rights leader who founded a university and was later elected to political office D: a civil rights leader who was arrested for violating Jim Crow laws and later challenged them in court

Women's suffrage in Arizona was granted by which reform measure? A: an initiative B: a recall C: a referendum D: a direct primary

In what year was the Women's Christian Temperance Union formed? A: 1859 B: 1870 C: 1874 D: 1910

What was Upton Sinclair's main purpose in writing The Jungle? A: promote the socialist views that he adopted as an adult B: to explain why journalists had an obligation to tell the truth C: to arouse public sympathy for slaughterhouse workers D: to prompt Congress to pass food-safety laws

In the 1870s, the US government began an American Indian policy of A: providing allotments of land. B: encouraging assimilation. C: confining tribes on reservations. D: forcing tribes to relocate.

How did the role of women during World War I affect the suffragist movement? A: Many women refused to contribute to the war effort unless they were given the right to vote. B: Women served as nurses and ambulance drivers during the war, convincing people to support their right to vote. C: Women did not fight in the war, which turned the public against the suffragist movement. D: Women took factory jobs in the US during the war, but their work did not impact the suffragist movement.

How did Populists want the government to handle currency in the late 1800s? A: Populists wanted the government to make unlimited paper money. B: Populists wanted the government to make unlimited silver coins. C: Populists wanted the government to keep the gold standard. D: Populists wanted the government to limit the amount of paper money.

Which of the following best describes William Jennings Bryan's political life following the 1896 election? A: After defeating McKinley, Bryan served as the president. B: After defeating McKinley, Bryan served as senator. C: After losing to McKinley, Bryan retired from politics. D: After losing to McKinley, Bryan ran for president twice more.

Which of the following issues caused Roosevelt to seek a "square deal" for the environment in 1900? A: conditions at meat-packing plants B: swamp land C: deforestation D: political corruption in farm areas

Read the quotation from William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech. "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." Which of the following best describes Bryan's opinion about currency? A: Working people do not make as much gold as the wealthy. B: Free silver would ruin the economy of the United States. C: The gold standard hurts every worker in the United States. D: Workers would prefer to earn gold coins instead of silver.

What did the People's Party believe would result from the government taking control of America's railroads and banks? A: Government control would prevent those industries from taking advantage of small farmers. B: Government control would force those industries to offer more jobs to the "common people." C: Government control would prompt banks and railroads to rely on gold coins instead of silver. D: Government control would end the inflation and rising costs caused by a shortage of currency.

Musician and composer George Gershwin was known for helping to spread jazz to A: South America. B: Europe. C: Africa. D: Asia.

In 1925, John Scopes broke a state law in Tennessee called the Butler Act, which outlawed A: teaching about religion. B: teaching about evolution. C: teaching about Prohibition. D: teaching about creationism.

Which occurred after African American jazz musicians migrated north? A: Jazz music spread throughout the US. B: Jazz music spread only in major cities. C: Jazz music played only in the South. D: Jazz music lost popularity in the South.

During the early 1900s, which of the following movements created tension in Europe? A: isolationism B: nationalism C: spiritualism D: internationalism

A pull factor that caused African Americans to migrate north in the early 1900s was A: Jim Crow laws. B: guaranteed jobs. C: higher wages. D: integration.

Trench warfare led to stalemates during World War I by making it A: difficult for attacks to succeed. B: easy to attack the enemy. C: difficult for soldiers to fight. D: easy for soldiers to fight.

Which best describes an unintended consequence of Prohibition? A: an increase in chronic illness B: an increase in "medicinal alcohol" C: a decrease in violent crime D: a decrease in immoral behavior

While consumerism during the 1920s boosted the economy, it also led to A: more savings. B: higher debt. C: lower debt. D: fewer stocks.

Which of the following had the greatest influence on how Germany was treated after World War I? A: President Wilson's desire to form the League of Nations B: Germany's desire for reasonable conditions of surrender and fair treatment C: Europe's desire to maintain original pre-war borders D: the Allies' desire to seek retribution for Germany's actions

The main reason alcohol abuse caught the attention of the public in the early 1900s was an increase in A: the number of men expressing concern about alcohol. B: concern for improving cleanliness and hygiene in cities. C: concern by young families for improving their lives. D: the negative social effects of excessive drinking.

In 1929, ongoing economic issues led to A: an increase in consumer demand. B: a stock market crash. C: a stock market boom. D: an increase in the production of goods.

Which is true about the "lost generation"? A: They thought life was too short not to have fun. B: They tried to win favor with the wealthy but became poor. C: They did not think the lifestyle of the 1920s was desirable. D: They were trying to find a country that would welcome them.

The aspects of a specific location that make people want to move there are called A: migrations. B: barriers. C: pull factors. D: push factors.

During World War I, the increase in home gardens was an example of which of the following? A: campaigns to overcome shortages caused by ships being sunk B: civilian efforts to aid the war effort in practical ways C: war-industry strategies meant to lower production costs D: farmers' marketing campaigns focused on increasing profits

During World War II, which of the following was an Axis nation? A: China B: the Philippines C: Japan D: Egypt

Why was Japan's attack on Hawaii a strategic move? A: Hawaii was a tourist destination, not an important military post. B: Hawaii was where a large portion of the Pacific fleet was sheltered. C: Hawaii was where US naval power was the weakest. D: Hawaii was where US land troops awaited battle.

Which of the following is true of Great Britain's participation in World War II in 1940? A: Its Royal Air Force won the Battle of Britain. B: Its Royal Navy lost the Battle of the Atlantic. C: Its Royal Air Force lost the Battle of the Atlantic. D: Its land troops outmaneuvered Germany's.

By instituting government oversight on banks and investments, Franklin Roosevelt A: reinforced the policies of Herbert Hoover. B: hoped to create jobs and get reelected. C: prompted Americans to take their money out of banks. D: hoped to avoid another stock market crash.

Which of the following led to increased tension between the United States and Japan in 1937? A: the Nanjing Massacre B: Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech C: Japan's oil exports D: the Lend-Lease Act

A reason the Neutrality Acts were revised to allow cash-and-carry in the 1930s was A: because of the spread of socialism. B: because Germany needed supplies. C: because fascism was gaining ground in Europe. D: because of WWI.

Why did supporters of using the atomic bomb reject the idea of dropping one on a deserted island? A: They thought the radioactive fallout was too dangerous. B: They thought it would make Japan fight even harder. C: They did not want other nations to know about the bomb. D: They did not want to waste one of the remaining bombs.

During World War II, which was an Allied nation? A: China B: Switzerland C: Japan D: Thailand

Supporters of the atomic bomb argued against the idea that the US should not use the bomb against Japan by A: suggesting the destruction would not be any greater than at Pearl Harbor. B: noting the bomb would mainly destroy buildings rather than kill people. C: suggesting the bomb would only be used on important military targets. D: noting that firebombing had already caused extensive damage in Japan.

How did the events surrounding the Bonus Army in 1932 affect people's attitudes? A: More Americans wanted MacArthur to be president. B: More Americans began to dislike Hoover. C: More Americans joined the Bonus Army. D: More Americans wanted helped from the RFC.

Why did Franklin Roosevelt's Federal Emergency Relief Administration give grants to states, even though it cost more than giving money to individuals? A: It was easier for the federal government to let individual states distribute the grants to individuals. B: It was easier to identify impoverished states than it was to identify impoverished individuals. C: States used the money to create jobs, which was better for morale than simply receiving money. D: States could use part of the money to pay state officials and pass the rest to individuals.

New Deal regulation of the banking industry resulted in the creation of A: the National Recovery Administration. B: the Civilian Conservation Corps. C: the Public Works Administration. D: the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Under New Deal reforms, the biggest change to the traditional role of the federal government was A: a higher degree of government regulation of business and the economy. B: a lower degree of government regulation of business and the economy. C: decreased government support for private/public partnerships. D: increased government support of laissez-faire capitalism.

Which of the following is an example of an act of civil disobedience? A: performing a protest song B: burning a draft card in public C: declaring opposition to a war D: declaring support for a war

Which of the following best describes the 1942 Allied strategy in North Africa? A: The Allies advanced on Axis troops in Libya from both east and west, trapping them in the middle. B: The Allies pushed Rommel's troops out of Egypt and trapped them against more Allied forces in the west. C: The Allies first fought Rommel in Morocco and Algeria, then moved eastward into Egypt. D: The Allies landed along the coast and eventually pushed Rommel's troops inland.

How did Admiral Chester Nimitz displease the US Congress during World War II? A: He insisted the US should focus on the Pacific rather than the European theater. B: He refused to take the US fleet into battle immediately after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. C: He did not want to drop the atomic bomb in order to convince the Japanese leadership to surrender. D: He promoted and implemented a "no surrender" policy among US troops in the Pacific.

During the Cold War arms race, how did the hydrogen bomb differ from the atomic bomb? A: The hydrogen bomb was less destructive than the atomic bomb. B: The hydrogen bomb was more destructive than the atomic bomb. C: The hydrogen bomb was built by the United States, while the USSR built atomic bombs. D: The hydrogen bomb was built by the USSR, while the United States built atomic bombs.

In 1954, after the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu, A: Communists controlled all of Vietnam. B: Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel. C: an international committee gave Vietnam back to France. D: the United States sent troops to Vietnam to remove the Communists.

How did the police respond to protestors at the Democratic National Convention in 1968? A: by setting up barriers and allowing protestors to continue peacefully B: by maintaining a respectful distance from the protestors C: by setting up barriers and attacking the protestors who resisted them D: by maintaining law and order with very little violence

Why was President Truman considered to be weak on communism despite the federal government's measures to investigate communists? A: Fear of communism had reached a level that bordered on hysteria, and Truman's actions did little to make it go away. B: Truman actions were not strong enough to demonstrate to the public that the threat from the Soviets was very real. C: Truman focused only on the government; he did not believe that communism had infiltrated other aspects of American life. D: People believed that Truman might have been a communist and was only conducting investigations to protect himself from suspicion.

In 1965, President Johnson immediately used the authority of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to A: withdraw all US troops from North Vietnam. B: commit half a million troops to fight in Vietnam. C: begin sustained bombing of North Vietnam. D: begin sustained bombing of South Vietnam.

When the Viet Cong seemed to be winning the war in South Vietnam in 1961, how did President Kennedy react? A: He sent more military equipment, more money, and thousands of advisers. B: He sent the first troops to fight the Viet Cong. C: He set up the first military aid for South Vietnamese troops. D: He withdrew US troops from the nation.

What was one result of the broadcasting of the Army-McCarthy hearings on television? A: McCarthy became a hero to many in the United States. B: McCarthy apologized to the people he had falsely accused. C: McCarthy proved that Joseph Welch was a communist. D: McCarthy lost the support of the American public.

How did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution lead to the escalation of US troop involvement in the Vietnam War? A: It gave the president the ability to send troops without specific approval of Congress. B: It declared war on North Vietnam, making commitment of US troops necessary. C: It barred South Vietnamese troops from the conflict, making it necessary for US troops to fight. D: It specifically committed the first US troops to fight and serve in the Vietnam War.

One cause of the Cold War was the fact that the United States and the Soviet Union were both A: superpowers competing for dominance in global affairs. B: struggling to gain some influence around the world. C: trying to stop neutral countries from gaining power. D: hoping to be chosen to head the UN Security Council.

Which of the following was one of the Big Four nations that determined how the United Nations would run? A: China B: Germany C: Canada D: France

How did the War Powers Resolution of 1973 affect the power of the US president? A: It required the president's approval for US forces to remain in a foreign war for longer than sixty days. B: It required the president to inform Congress within forty-eight hours of the details of any troop commitment. C: It limited the president's ability to raise taxes to fund both a war effort and social programs. D: It gave the president the unlimited right to commit US forces to action as he or she saw fit.

One post-war fact about the United States that created tension with the USSR was the United States A: desired to create a buffer zone in Eastern Europe. B: needed to establish puppet governments in Europe. C: had a democratic form of government. D: desired to move away from a capitalist economy.

Which of the following inventions of the 1950s made other inventions possible? A: the automobile B: the transistor C: the television D: the hearing aid

Following World War II, the organization known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed because A: anti-Communist nations needed to show they were united. B: the USSR was threatening to occupy East Germany. C: Western European nations wanted to attack the USSR. D: Western European nations were turning to Communism.

Why did Malcolm X leave the Nation of Islam? A: He disagreed with their religious views. B: He wanted to promote separatist views. C: He believed that Christianity could unify races. D: He disagreed with their separatist views.

The National Organization for Women wanted the US government to promote workplace equality by A: outlawing maternity leave. B: awarding women settlements of back pay. C: passing Title IX. D: allowing tax deductions for child care.

How did the ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut start the debate over reproductive rights? A: The ruling outlawed abortion. B: The ruling legalized adoption. C: The ruling legalized birth control. D: The ruling outlawed sex education.

Many women reacted to The Feminine Mystique by feeling A: empowered to seek social and economic equality. B: hopeless about the obstacles that stood in their way. C: more content in their traditional cultural roles. D: powerless to do anything to better their situation.

What problem was the Medicare program created to solve? A: the lack of health care for low-income families B: the lack of health care for older people C: the lack of food for low-income families D: the lack of housing for older people

What was a main tool used by the United Farm Workers in the 1960s to raise awareness about the plight of migrant farm workers? A: boycotts B: taking over federal buildings C: violent protests D: preservation of cultural areas

Which best describes how civil rights workers were treated during the Freedom Summer campaign? A: Many workers were ignored. B: Some workers were arrested or killed. C: Some workers were treated well. D: A few workers were warned to leave.

Which is a true statement about the Freedom Summer campaign? A: It was widely embraced by whites and African Americans. B: It was met with violence by white protesters. C: It led to the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. D: It led to the integration of public facilities.

When some people reacted negatively to the presence of Jackie Robinson on the Brooklyn Dodgers, most of his teammates A: came to his defense and offered support. B: reconsidered the desegregation of baseball. C: called for Branch Rickey to retire from baseball. D: paid Robinson to return to the Negro leagues.

Which best describes the ideas of Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama? A: Wallace thought the government should decide whether to integrate state universities. B: Wallace believed that all students should be admitted to state universities. C: Wallace wanted to promote integration at the University of Mississippi. D: Wallace wanted to block integration at the University of Alabama.

When it first formed in 1960, the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee A: did not promote the use of aggressive action. B: was centered around the idea of Black Power. C: was considered a violent group. D: had Huey Newton as its founding leader.

In the summer of 1967, one hundred fifty riots occurred to protest A: new laws. B: racial equality. C: racial inequality. D: religious differences.

Both the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee A: coordinated protest marches in the North. B: organized freedom rides in the South. C: organized freedom rides in the North. D: organized boycotts in the North and South.

Who urged Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act as part of his vision for a "Great Society"? A: Martin Luther King Jr. B: John F. Kennedy C: Lyndon B. Johnson D: George Wallace

What action did President Johnson take regarding President Kennedy's proposed Civil Rights Act? A: He vetoed the bill after Congress passed it. B: He convinced many legislators to vote against it. C: He rewrote it to make its requirements stricter. D: He used public sympathy to push it through Congress.

Which of the following was an effect of ethnic cleansing by the Bosnian Serbs in the 1990s? A: NATO removed its troops. B: Muslims were forced out of Bosnia. C: Civil war ended in Bosnia. D: NATO was forced out of Bosnia.

One of the most effective ways governments cooperate to defeat terrorism is by A: signing treaties. B: joining in military strikes. C: creating international agreements. D: seizing the funds of terrorist organizations.

According to Reagan's supply-side economics, the first step to triggering the cycle of growth was A: reducing taxes. B: raising taxes. C: regulating businesses. D: creating government programs.

Which of the following events was considered the end of the Cold War? A: the election of George H. W. Bush B: the speech by President Reagan at the Berlin Wall C: the signing of a mutual nonaggression pact in 1990 D: the coup against Gorbachev in 1991

Which of the following was an effect of ethnic cleansing by the Bosnian Serbs in the 1990s? A: NATO removed its troops. B: Muslims were forced out of Bosnia. C: Civil war ended in Bosnia. D: NATO was forced out of Bosnia.

How did the fall of the Soviet Union affect Cuba's economy? A: Cuba's economy became stronger B: Cuba's economy weakened. C: Cuba became the world's strongest economy. D: Cuba became dependent on the United States.

What was President Nixon's approach to easing tensions between the United States and other nations? A: investigation before action B: détente C: reconciliation D: a truce with all nations

The first reference to terrorism in 1790 pertained to A: global terrorism. B: individual terrorism. C: international terrorism. D: governmental terrorism.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, which nation broke up into many independent states? A: Hungary B: Romania C: Poland D: Yugoslavia

What made Bush unpopular as a president? A: a recession and higher unemployment B: removing Noriega from power in Panama C: removing Hussein from power in Iraq D: a depression and the invasion of Iraq

What are the goals of terrorists? Check all that apply. A: to participate in criminal acts B: to gain independence for a group C: to frighten people into submission D: to target symbolic places and events E: to achieve social and political changes F: to impose religion on nonreligious people G: to destroy governments and create anarchy

Reagan's landslide victory in 1980 was proof that A: there were more Republicans than Democrats in the United States. B: Americans were ready for a change in leadership. C: people wanted the government to cut military spending. D: Americans did not cross party lines when they voted in national elections.

How did confidence impact the presidential election of 1980? A: Many Americans felt that while Reagan was confident, Carter was not. B: Many Americans felt that while Carter was confident, Reagan was not. C: Many Americans were confident that President Carter would turn the economy around. D: Many Americans were confident that Reagan would establish more government programs.

Which statement best summarizes how Reagan's economic policies affected the US economy? A: There was a decline in unemployment, but people made less money and paid higher taxes. B: There was a significant rise in prosperity triggered by a reduction in federal spending and the national debt. C: There was an increase in defense spending because of tax increases and the elimination of the national debt. D: There was overall prosperity, but federal spending and the national debt also increased.

The bombers of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City were A: supporters of an anti-government movement. B: supporters of Bush's Latin American foreign policy. C: against President Clinton's support of NAFTA. D: against President Clinton's foreign-policy agenda.

Supporters of the Dawes Act said the act would help American Indians to A: keep traditions and customs. B: increase property. C: educate children. D: become farmers.

Read Mrs. Z. A. Parker's observations from 1890. [T]hey raised their eyes to heaven, their hands clasped high above their heads, and stood straight and perfectly still, invoking the power of the Great Spirit to allow them to see and talk with their people who had died. . . .They would go as fast as they could, their hands moving from side to side. What is Parker describing in this quotation? A: the ritualized movements of Sioux Indians during a Ghost Dance ceremony B: the horrified response of Cheyenne Indians after the Sand Creek Massacre C: the celebratory reaction to the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie D: the anger and fear of white settlers that began after the Battle of Little Bighorn

Which of the following describes an effect of the allotment system? A: American Indians lost their land. B: American Indians gained some land. C: American Indians competed with settlers for land. D: American Indians farmed with settlers.

Many Plains Indians had trouble living on reservations because they were A: nomadic hunters. B: farmers. C: day laborers D: explorers.

To promote assimilation, American Indian children were A: encouraged to speak their native language. B: forbidden to speak their native language. C: encouraged to learn many languages. D: forbidden to learn English.

As a consequence of the Dawes Act, by 1900, American Indians A: had gained more land than they held in 1881. B: had lost half the land they held in 1881. C: had lost all of the land they held in 1881. D: had kept all of the land they held in 1881.

Which of the following best describes the reasons why the Dawes Act was passed? A: The Dawes Act was passed to make American Indians property owners and to open up more land for white settlers. B: The Dawes Act was passed to open up more land for American Indians and to provide protection from white settlers. C: The Dawes Act was passed to take land away from American Indians and to move them to reservations. D: The Dawes Act was passed to give American Indian families farmland and to end homesteading by white settlers.

Under the allotment system, many American Indian families A: did not farm and ignored the government policy. B: were successful farmers and competed with white settlers. C: tried to farm communally and established their own system. D: made an effort to succeed at farming but often failed.

Which of the following statements is true? A: The Indian Appropriations Act of 1851 allowed white settlers to claim tribal lands as homesteaders. B: The Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 meant that tribes were no longer classified as independent nations. C: The Indian Appropriations Act of 1885 allowed white settlers to claim tribal lands as homesteaders. D: The Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 meant that tribes were no longer classified as independent nations.