Chapter 9

Ultraviolet rays react with _____ in the skin to begin the process of forming vitamin D. calcitriol 7-dehydrocholesterol calcidiol cholecalciferol

Once absorbed into the blood, the cholecalciferol travels to the kidney for the final step in activation. True False

The active form of vitamin D, also known as a hormone, is called _____. calcitriol cholecalciferol 7-dehydrocholesterol calcidiol

Which of the following foods is the best source of calcium? meat milk grains fruits

Edgar does not like drinking milk but likes cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. What can you tell about Edgar's calcium intake? a.) Edgar is probably not getting enough calcium. Calcium is removed from milk when cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are made. b.) Unless Edgar adds dark green leafy vegetables to his diet, he will not get adequate calcium. c.) Edgar is probably consuming excessive amounts of calcium that can lead to toxicity. Calcium is concentrated when cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are made from milk. d.) Edgar is getting adequate calcium from his diet. Cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are good sources of calcium.

Carol is a vegan and does not eat dairy foods. Is it possible for her to obtain the daily recommended amount of calcium from a diet without taking supplements? a.) Carol can easily obtain adequate amounts of calcium from natural foods, even if she is a vegan. b.) Carol can obtain enough calcium only if she eats a lot of fruit. c.) Carol is unlikely to get adequate amounts of calcium if she does not drink milk or eat cheese. d.)As a vegan, Carol has to carefully watch her calcium intake because very few natural products contain calcium.

One cup of skim milk has approximately 80 kcal. One ounce of low-fat cheddar cheese has approximately 50 kcal. How many kilocalories would need to be consumed to get approximately 300 mg of calcium from each of these two sources individually? a.) skim milk-40 kcal; low-fat cheddar cheese-50 kcal b.) skim milk-160 kcal; low-fat cheddar cheese-125 kcal c.) skim milk-80 kcal; low-fat cheddar cheese-125 kcal d.) skim milk-80 kcal; low-fat cheddar cheese-375 kcal

The Dairy Group is the only food group with a significant amount of calcium. True False

Individuals suffering from a zinc deficiency should include more whole grains and beans in their diets. True False

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is hematocrit. hemoglobin. hemosiderin. myoglobin.

Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of which mineral? chromium manganese iron sulfur

Why does folate or vitamin B12 deficiency lead to macrocytic anemia? a.) because white blood cells (leukocytes) will proliferate in the bone marrow b.) because reduced hemoglobin synthesis will produce cells of inadequate size c.) because poor DNA synthesis will impair blood cells' ability to divide d.) because red blood cell precursors (stem cells) will proliferate in the bone marrow

Which of the following is an excellent source of vitamin K? beef fatty fish citrus fruits green leafy vegetables

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that continues to bleed. Which of the following deficiencies is MOST likely to be causing this increased bleeding? vitamin D vitamin K zinc copper

The most abundant protein in the body is hemoglobin osteocalcin collagen. myoglobin

Females reach their full adult height earlier than males do. True False

Phosphorus consumption has increased approximately 10 to 15% over the past 30 years. This is largely due to the increased consumption of milk. water. meat. processed foods.

Which of the following is NOT associated with poor vitamin D status? fair skin indoor employment use of sunscreens with a high SPF obesity