Chapter 5 Infection Control

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
130 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (126)
question
acquired immune deficiancy syndrome (AIDS)
answer
A disease that breaks down the body's immune system and is caused by the HIV Virus
question
acquired immunity
answer
immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease
question
allergy
answer
a reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances
question
antiseptics
answer
germicides formulated for use on skin and are registered and regulated by the FDA
question
aseptic procedures
answer
process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination
question
asymptomatic
answer
showing no symtoms or signs of infection
question
autoclave
answer
a machine used for sterilization of instruments through heat and pressure
question
bacilli
answer
short rod-shaped bacteria, most common bacteria, produce diseases: tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
question
bacteria
answer
one-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics
question
bactericidal
answer
capable of destroying bacteria
question
binary fission
answer
bacteria that have reached their largest size, and divide in to two new cells
question
bioburden
answer
number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on the surface of an object before decontamination or sterilization
question
bloodborne pathogens
answer
disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids
question
body substance isolation (BSI)
answer
PPE is to be worn for contact with all body fluids, even if blood isn't visible
question
chelating soaps
answer
detergents used to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks
question
clean(cleaning)
answer
a mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs from tools, implements and equipment
question
cocci
answer
round-shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups
question
contagious disease(communicable disease)
answer
disease spreads from one person to another person
question
contamination
answer
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin
question
cross-contamination
answer
when a person touches an object such as the skin without cleaning your hands, and then touch an object or product with the same hand or utensil.
question
decontamination
answer
removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin
question
dermatophytes
answer
fungi that cause skin, nail, and hair infections
question
diagnosis
answer
determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests.
question
diplococci
answer
spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia
question
direct transmission
answer
transmission of blood or body fluids through touching(including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking
question
disease
answer
an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function
question
disinfectants
answer
chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
question
disinfection
answer
destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces
question
efficacy
answer
the ability to produce an effect
question
exposure incident
answer
contact with broken skin, blood, body fluid,or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties
question
flagella(cilia)
answer
slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for moving about
question
folliculitis(barber's itch)
answer
Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods
question
fungi
answer
microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeasts;can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm
question
fungicidal
answer
capable of destroying fungi
question
hepatitis
answer
a bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver
question
hospital disinfectants
answer
disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids
question
HIV(human immunodeficiancy virus)
answer
a pathogen that is most often the precursor to aquired to AIDS, by impairing or killing the immune system affected with it, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections or certain cancers
question
immunity
answer
the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. against disease can be eitther natural or acquired and is a sign of good health.
question
indirect transmission
answer
transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contamionated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface
question
infection
answer
the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens
question
infection control
answer
the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms
question
infectious
answer
caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection
question
infectious disease
answer
disease caused by harmful microorganisms that enter the body, may or may not be spread from one person to another person.
question
inflammation
answer
condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection;characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling
question
local infection
answer
an infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus
question
material safety data sheet(MSDS)
answer
information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, incuding the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings
question
methicillin-resistant staph(MRSA)
answer
a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
question
microorganism
answer
any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size
question
mildew
answer
a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon
question
motility
answer
self-movement
question
multiuse(reusable)
answer
items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidently exposed to blood or body fluid
question
mycobacterium fortuitum
answer
a microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers
question
natural immunity
answer
immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living
question
nonpathogenic
answer
harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm
question
nonporous
answer
an item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids
question
occupational disease
answer
illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients
question
parasites
answer
organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism, parasites must have a host to survive
question
parasitic disease
answer
disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites
question
pathogenic
answer
harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body
question
pathogenic disease
answer
disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
question
personal protective equipment(PPE)
answer
protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens;gloves, fluid-resistant lab coat,apron,gown, goggles, eye shield, face masks
question
phenolic disinfectants
answer
powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants, form of formaldehyde, have a very high ph, and can damage the skin and eyes
question
porous
answer
made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings, porous items are absorbent
question
pus
answer
a fluid created by infection
question
quaternary ammonium compounds(quats)
answer
disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon
question
sanitizing
answer
a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level
question
single-use(disposable)
answer
items that cannot be used more than once, cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting in exposure incident
question
sodium hypochlorite
answer
common household bleach;an effective disinfectant for the salon
question
spirilla
answer
spiral or cork-screw-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and lyme disease
question
standard precautions
answer
wearing PPE to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client's blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes likely
question
staphylococci
answer
pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes, cause abscesses, pustules, and boils
question
sterilization
answer
the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores
question
streptococci
answer
pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. cause strep throat and blood poisoning
question
systemic disease
answer
disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. carried through blood stream or lymphatic system
question
tinea pedis
answer
a ringworm fungus of the foot or athlete's foot
question
tinea versicolor(sun spots)
answer
a noncontagious fungal infection which is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and is often found on arms and legs
question
toxins
answer
various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms(bacteria and viruses)
question
tuberculocidal disinfectants
answer
disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
question
tuberculosis
answer
a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing
question
universal precautions
answer
a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens
question
virucidal
answer
capable of destroying viruses
question
virus
answer
a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms.
question
What is the primary purpose of regulatory agencies?
answer
To protect salon/spa professionals and consumers health, safety, and welfare while they receive salon/spa services.
question
List the four types of organisms that estheticians must know about and remember?
answer
Bacteria-Fungi-Viruses-Parasites
question
Name and describe the two main classifications of bacteria.
answer
PATHOGENIC: Bacteria that are harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when the invade the body. NONPATHOGENIC: Bacteria that are harmless organisms that may perform useful functions in the body.
question
What are some of the beneficial functions performed by nonpathogenic bacteria?
answer
They are used to make yogurt, cheese and some medicines.
question
Name and describe the three forms of pathogenic bacteria?
answer
COCCI-are round in shape and appear alone or in groups BACILLI-are short rod shaped SPIRILLA-are spiral or corkscrew shaped
question
Is HIV a risk in the salon or spa? Why or Why not?
answer
There are no documented cases that indicate that the virus can be spread by casual contact during hair, skin nail and pedicure procedures in salon services. However if you accidentally cut a client who is HIV positive, the tools will be contaminated and you cannot continue to the tools without cleaning and disinfecting them.
question
What is complete immersion?
answer
Means there is enough liquid in the container to cover all surfaces (including the handle) of the item being disinfected for at least 10 minutes.
question
List at least six precautions to follow when using disinfectants?
answer
1. Keep a MSDS on hand 2. Wear gloves & safety glasses when mixing 3. Avoid skin & eye contact 4. Add disinfectant to water when diluting 5. Follow the manufactures instructions carefully when mixing, using, and disposing of used disinfectants. 6. Carefully follow the manufactures directions for when to replace the disinfectant solution. REPLACE EVERY DAY!
question
How often should disinfectant solution be changed? How often should an AHP disinfectant be changed?
answer
Disinfectant should be changed daily (every 24 hours) and AHP disinfectants should be changed every 14 days.
question
Describe the procedure for handling an exposure incident in the salon or spa?
answer
1. STOP the service 2. Put on gloves 3. Stop the bleeding 4. Once bleeding has stopped clean injured area 5. Bandage cut with adhesive bandage 6. Clean & disinfect your work area 7. Discard all single use contaminated object 8. Clean & disinfect all multi-use tools 9. Remove gloves and seal them in double bag with other contaminated trash 10. Recommend that client see a physician if any signs of redness, swelling, pain or irritation develop
question
Explain how to clean and disinfect non-electrical tools and implements?
answer
Wear safety glasses and gloves, rinse all tools with warm running water and the thoroughly clean with soap, nail brush and warm water. Rinse all soap with running water then dry with clean cloth or allow to air dry. When dry immerse completely in appropriate disinfectant for 10 minutes, then remove tools with tongs or gloved hands, rinse well with warm running water and pat dry. Store disinfected tool in a clean covered container until needed. Lastly remove gloves and thoroughly wash your hands with soap and warm running water.
question
Explain how to clean and disinfect electrical tools and equipment?
answer
The parts that touch your client and cannot be submerged in water should be cleaned and disinfected using and EPA registered disinfectant designed for use on electrical tools and equipment. such as alcohol
question
General Infection
answer
The results when the bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins to all parts of the body.
question
Sepis
answer
Poisoning due to pathogenic bacteria
question
Asepis
answer
The freedom from disease
question
EPA
answer
Environmental Protection Agency
question
Boric Acid
answer
Used as eye wash
question
OSHA
answer
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
question
Saprophytes
answer
Lives on dead matter
question
pediculosis capitis
answer
The Latin word for head lice
question
wet sanitizer
answer
tray used to disinfect tools and impliments
question
OSHA standards
answer
address issues relating to the handling, mixing, storing, and disposing of products; general safety in the workplace and your right to know about any potentially hazardous ingredients contained in the products you use and how to avoid these hazards
question
laws are also called
answer
statutes
question
not having msds available
answer
poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous material and violates federal and state regulations
question
is bacteria harmful
answer
some are and some are not
question
bacteria can exist almost anywhere
answer
on skin, in water, in the air, in decayed matter, n environmental surfaces, in body secretions, on clothing or under the free edge of nails
question
bacterial cells manufacture their own food through
answer
what the absorb from the surrounding environment
question
daughter cells
answer
the two cell that are formed when cells divide
question
inactive or spore-forming stage
answer
in this stage spores can be blown about and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold
question
some people carry the MRSA bacteria and are not aware of their infection
answer
but the people they infect may show more obvious symptoms
question
the most common way infections spread
answer
is through dirty hands
question
one difference between viruses and bacteria
answer
is that a virus can live and reproduce only by taking over other cells and becoming part of them
question
pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or fungi can enter the body through
answer
broken skin, the mouth, the nose, the eyes or ears, unprotected sex
question
tinea barbae
answer
infection from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods
question
decontamination Method 1
answer
has two steps cleaning and disinfecting
question
any disinfectant used in the salon or spa should carry
answer
an EPA registration number and the label should clearly state the specific organisms the solution is effective in killing when used according to the label instructions.
question
dry heat sterilization
answer
is not recommended for use in salon or spas
question
not all disinfectants have the same concentrations so
answer
be sure to mix the correct proportions according to the instructions on the label. If it does not have the word concentrate on it the product is already mixed
question
the ideal disinfectant should
answer
include strips for checking effectiveness
question
implements that come in contact with blood
answer
can be immersed in a 10 % bleach solution
question
always dilute products according to
answer
the instructions on the product label
question
multiple quats
answer
contain sophisticated blends of quats that work together to dramatically increase the effectiveness of these disinfectants
question
using too much bleach
answer
can damage some metals and plastics, so be sure to read the label before use
question
never place any disinfectant or other product
answer
in an unmarked container all containers should be labeled
question
state rules require that all multiuse tools and implements
answer
must be cleaned and disinfected before and after every service even when they are used on the same person
question
before beginning every client service
answer
all work surfaces must be cleaned and disinfected
question
any disinfected item that has been touched or exposed to air
answer
is contaminated
question
there is no additive, powder, or tablet that eliminates the need for you to clean and disinfectant
answer
products of this type cannot be used instead of EPA registered liquid disinfectant solutions