Cosmetology: Milady Theory Workbook (Ch. 5) Infection Control - Principles & Practices

Explain in your own words why it is important to study infection control.

Regarding regulating the practice of cosmetology, what is the difference between federal agencies and state agencies?

What does OSHA stand for?

OSHA was created as part of the U. S. Department of Labor (DOL) to ________________________.

What is the purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?

Explain why you think OSHA's standards are important to you personally as a cosmetologist.

True or False? Federal and state laws require manufacturers to supply a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), previously known as Material Safety Data Sheet, only for those products that are potentially hazardous.

List the 16 categories of information contained in a Safety Data Sheet.

True or False? Federal and state laws require salons to obtain an SDSs from the chemical product manufacturers and/or distributors for each professional product that is used in the salon.

All salon employees must _____ the information included on each SDS and _____ they have done so by _____ a _____ sheet for the product. (P.73)

What does the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) register?

Define the term disinfectant.

Some _____ can be harmful to salon tools and equipment.

True or False? As a rule of thumb, it is always better to use a tuberculocidal disinfectant when cleaning up a spill in the salon.

True or False? By law, a disinfecting product must be used in the manner prescribed on its manufacturer's label and be registered with the EPA.

True or False? If you do not follow the instructions for mixing, contact time, and the type of surface the disinfecting product can be used on, you are not complying with federal law.

Why do state regulatory agencies exist?

List four examples of state regulatory agencies.

State agency rules are enforced through ______ and _____ of consumer complaints.

Explain why it is important for a cosmetologist to understand and follow state laws and rules at all times.

What is the difference between laws and rules?

The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens is called _____.

List the four types of microorganisms that are important in the practice of cosmetology.

Why are the four types of microorganisms listed in the previous question potentially harmful?

25. Use the following terms to complete the sentences below: fungicidal, clean, disinfection, viricidal , bactericidal. a) _____ refers to something that is capable of destroying viruses. b) To _____ means to remove all visible debris, dirt, and many disease-causing germs by scrubbing using soap and water or detergent and water. c) The process of _____ destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces. d) To destroy a fungi, you would need to use something labeled as a _____. e) A product that is _____ is capable of destroying bacteria.

Explain why a cosmetologist is obligated to provide safe services in the salon.

One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as _____. Where can they exist? _____

Most bacteria are ________ which means they are harmless and may perform useful functions.

List some of the useful functions of nonpathogenic bacteria.

Pathogenic bacteria are harmful because they may cause _____ or infection when they invade the body.

31. Match each of the following bacteria with its unique shape. _____ 1. Cocci a) Curved lines _____ 2. Staphylococci b) Spiral or corkscrew-shaped _____ 3. Streptococci c) Short, rod-shaped _____ 4. Diplococci d) Round-shaped _____ 5. Bacilli e) Grape-like clusters _____ 6. Spirilla f) Spherical

Pus-forming bacteria that cause abscesses, pustules, and boils are known as _____.

Pus-forming bacteria that cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning are known as _____.

Diplococci are bacteria that cause diseases such as _____.

35. How do the following bacteria move about? a.) Cocci b.) Bacilli c.) Spirilla

36. A term that means "moving about" is _____ while the term _____ refers to self- movement.

37. Match each term with its correct definition. ___ 1. Germs ___ 2. Microorganism ___ 3. Parasite ___ 4. Bacteria ___ 5. Virus ___ 6. Infection ___ 7. Toxin ___ 8. Direct transmission ___ 9. Indirect transmission i) A submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism a) Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms b) Transmission of body fluids or blood through contact with an intermediate contaminated object c) One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful and some are harmless d) Organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size e) Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens f) Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking g) An organism that grows, feeds, and shelters on or in another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism h) Synonym for any disease-producing organism 38. Unscramble these words and use them to complete the sentences below.

38. _____ generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called _____. They grow and _____. The life cycle of bacteria is made up of two distinct phases: the active stage and the or spore-forming stage.

39. During the active stage, bacteria: a.) change color b.) die c.) grow and reproduce d.) dry out

40. The division of a bacteria cell is called ____. The cells that are formed are called ____.

41. What type of conditions do bacteria require to multiply? a) Cool and dark b) Warm and clean c) Dark and dry d) Warm, dark, and damp

42. a.) What happens to bacteria in favorable conditions? b.) What happens in unfavorable conditions?

43. Why do certain bacteria, such as tetanus and botulism, coat themselves with wax-like out shells?

44. What happens to bacteria when favorable conditions are restored?

45. There can be no bacterial infection without the presence of _____.

46. ____ is the body's reaction to injury, irritation, or infection; it may be characterized by _____, ____,and _____.

47. What is pus?

48. A local infection is one that is _____ to a particular part of the body.

49. Give an example of a local infection.

50. Staphylococci are among the most common human bacteria and are more frequently spread through skin-to-skin contact or through ____.

51. An example of a staph infection is MRSA, which stands for _____.

52. Historically, MRSA occurred most frequently in people who have _____ immune systems or who had undergone _____ procedures.

53. MRSA initially appears as a skin infection such as ____.

54. True or False? It is possible for a client to have a staph infection without knowing it.

55. A disease that spreads from one person to another by contact is said to be contagious or ____.

56. List the more common contagious diseases that will prevent a cosmetologist from servicing a client. ____.

57. List 12 ways contagious diseases are commonly spread.

58. What are two differences between bacteria and viruses? 1.) 2.)

59. True or False? Vaccinations prevent viruses from growing in the body, but are not available for all viruses.

60. The human papilloma virus (HPV) can infect the bottoms of the _____.

61. A client who shows signs of an HPV infection should not receive a ____ service.

62. Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called _____.

63. List nine ways bloodborne pathogens can be spread inside the salon.

64. It is against the law for a cosmetologist to _____, even if the client insists.

65. Cutting hardened tissue and removing a callus are both considered _____.

66. What are the three types of hepatitis that are of concern in the salon?

67. Which of the three types of hepatitis is the most difficult to kill on a surface?

68. What does HIV stand for?

69. What does AIDS stand for? What is AIDS?

70. Name some ways in which HIV is not spread.

71. _____, which include molds, mildews, and yeasts, can cause _____ diseases such as ringworm.

73. _____ is a superficial fungal infection caused by a variety of dermatophytes. What does it affect?_____ Whom does it mostly affect? _____ .

72. Although it affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, _____ does not cause human infections in the salon.

74. List the two steps that should be followed to clean and disinfect clipper blades effectively. 1.) _____ 2.) _____

75. Nail infections can be spread by using _____ implements or by not properly _____ the surface of the natural nail before applying an enhancement.

76. A _____ nail infection is more common on the feet than on the hands.

77. _____ nail infections commonly occur on both the hands and the feet.

78. Which of the following is the most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services? a.) Tinea barbae b.) Tinea pedis c.) Tinea capitis

79. _____ are organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another _____ , referred to as a host, while contributing _____to the survival of that organism.

80. Name three external parasites that affect the human skin. 1.) 2.) 3.)

81. Match each of the following terms with its definition. 1. Immunity 2. Natural immunity exposure to natural allergens like pollen 3. Acquired immunity infection a) Both inherited and developed through healthy living b) Ability to overcome disease through inoculation or c) The body's ability to destroy,-resist, and recognize

82. Proper ____ can prevent the spread of disease caused by exposure to potentially infectious material on an item's surface.

83. When proper cleaning and then ____ with an appropriate ____ disinfectant occur, virtually all pathogens of concern in the salon can be effectively eliminated.

84. ____ , which is the process that destroys all microbial life, is an infection-control method that can be used, but it is very rarely mandated.

85. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requires that autoclaves be tested ____ to ensure they are properly sterilizing implements.

86. Define the term decontamination. ____

87. Putting antiseptics on your skin, or just washing your hands with soap and water, will reduce the number of pathogens on your hands, but it does not ____ .

88. When cleaning, you must remove all ____ from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with liquid soap and warm water and by using a clean and ____ to scrub any grooved or hinged portions of the item.

89. True or False? Three ways to clean tools and implements include washing and scrubbing with soap and water, using an ultraviolet unit, and using a cleaning solvent.

90. An autoclave that incorporates heat and pressure is typically required for effective ____ .

91. What is the accepted method for testing an autoclave to ensure it is properly sterilizing implements? ____

92. True or False? The vast majority of pathogens and contaminants can be removed from the surfaces of tools and implements through proper cleaning.

93. True or False? If you are in a hurry to get to your next client, it is acceptable to use a disinfectant on an instrument and skip the step of cleaning it first.

94. Disinfectants are products that destroy most___ excluding spores, on surfaces.

95. Explain how sterilization is different from disinfection.

96. Explain why disinfectants should not be used on human skin, hair, or nails.

97. Disinfectants must be registered by the___ . CDC or FDA or EPA

98. What does it mean if a disinfectant has the word concentrate on its label? ___ It must be diluted as instructed before using. ___ It is ready to use right out of the container. ___ It is less potent than other types of disinfectants.

99. Define the term contact time.

100. Define efficacy as applied to disinfectant terms.

101. When compared to a hospital, a salon has a ______ infection risk. ___ higher ___ lower

102. What are four things a cosmetologist should know about accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP)? 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.)

103. Explain why you need to remove all dirt and other matter you can see on tools and implements before immersing them in disinfectant solution.

104. The label on a disinfectant product states "complete immersion." Explain what this means.

105. True or False? To disinfect large surfaces such as tabletops, carefully apply the disinfectant onto the pre-cleaned surface, or use a disinfectant spray and allow it to remain wet for 5 minutes.

106. _____, also known as quats, are effective disinfectants for salon use, when properly used in the salon.

107. List six disadvantages of phenolic disinfectants.

108. True or False? Any type of household bleach may be used as an effective disinfectant.

109. Name five disadvantages of using bleach as a disinfectant.

110. Identify each of the following items used in a salon as either multi-use or single-use. Nippers Cotton balls Permanent wave rods Combs Shears Nail files Wooden sticks

111 . True or False? Currently, no states require salons to clean and disinfect their multi-use tools and implements.

112. According to state rules, how often should multi-use tools and equipment be cleaned and then disinfected?

113. Why is it good practice to keep a logbook of all equipment usage, cleaning, disinfecting, testing, and maintenance?

114. In the salon, how should soiled linens and towels be stored until they can be properly laundered?

115. True or False? Mix all disinfectants according to the manufacturer's directions, always adding water to the disinfectant.

116. True or False? A water sanitizer does not properly clean or disinfect equipment.

117. The true benefit of hand washing comes from the _____ created by the _____ that can "pull" pathogens off the skin surface.

118. (!') ACTIVITY: Using the following chart as a template, research the various disinfectant products used in the school and in your home. (Answers will vary based on the disinfectants the students find at home and in the school.)

119. What are Standard Precautions?

120. Explain why strict infection control practices should be followed for every client.

121. Contact with nonintact skin, blood, body fluid, and/or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties is known as _____.

122. _____ should be a part of the normal routine for you and your coworkers so the salon and staff project a professional image.

123. How often should you sweep hair off the floor of the salon? a.) After every client b.) Once a day c.) As part of the closing routine

124. What are the benefits of keeping trash in a covered waste receptacle?

125. To maintain a professional image, try to avoid touching your _____, _____ , or _____ during client services.

126. Where should clean and disinfected tools be stored?

127. How often should fans, ventilation systems, and humidifiers be cleaned?

128. What is a way to ensure proper air quality in the salon?