Chapter 16- Therapy and Treatment

demonic possession, witchcraft, or an angry god

- Exorcism - Trephining - Execution - Imprisonment

A small hole was made in the afflicted individual's skull to release spirits from the body. Most people treated in this manner died

the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders, but the focus was ostracizing them from society rather than treating their disorders

They were placed in asylums

A French physician who argued for more humane treatment of the mentally ill

led reform efforts for mental health care in the United States in the 19th century

Dorothea Dix

These proved a tremendous help in controlling the symptoms of certain psychological disorders, such as psychosis

a common diagnosis of individuals in mental hospitals, and it was often evidenced by symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, indicating a loss of contact with reality

provided federal support and funding for community mental health centers - it started the process of deinstitutionalization

the closing of large asylums, by providing for people to stay in their communities and be treated locally

therapy that is not the individual's choice

the person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from symptoms

requires group health plans and insurers to make sure there is parity of mental health services

a psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth

involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Talk therapy based on belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior

Psychoanalytical therapy wherein interaction with toys is used instead of talk; used in child therapy

Principles of learning applied to change undesirable behaviors

Awareness of cognitive process helps patients eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress

Work to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

Increase self-awareness and acceptance through focus on conscious thoughts

The patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment.

Therapist interprets the underlying meaning of dreams

the patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient's other relationships to the psychoanalyst

therapists help their patients look into their past to uncover repressed feelings

a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors—rather than digging deeply into one's unconscious

a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior

Uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior.

a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.

Mary Cover Jones

Exposure therapy - Worked with a boy named Peter who was afraid of Rabbits. She used cookies as an unconditioned stimulus to make him not afraid of them anymore.

a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli - If you can learn to relax when you are facing environmental stimuli that make you nervous or fearful, you can eventually eliminate your unwanted fear response

use a simulation to help conquer fears - Ex: Claustrophobia, anxiety, public speaking, etc.

Involves a controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens, such as a poker chip, that can be exchanged for items or privileges

a form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person's thoughts lead to feelings of distress

Cognitive-behavioral therapy founded by Albert Ellis

helps clients examine how their thoughts affect their behavior.

A CBT - With this model, there is an Action (sometimes called an activating event), the Belief about the event, and the Consequences of this belief.

help people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves.

a therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person to identify conflicts and understand feelings

involves not judging clients and simply accepting them for who they are

Used to treat anxiety and agitation that occur in OCD, PTSD, panic disorder, and social phobia

Used to treat bipolar disorder, episodes of mania, and episodes of depression

Used to treat ADHD. They improve the ability to focus on a task and maintain attention

involves using an electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of severe depression