Chapter 15

A technique in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to fear-provoking situations or objects and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is: modeling. aversion therapy. flooding. systematic desensitization.

While treating a child with a fear of swimming, the therapist first approaches the water, then touches the water, then stands in the water waist-deep, and finally floats in the water. The therapist then repeats the steps with the child. This is an example of: classical conditioning. aversion therapy. participant modeling. reinforcement.

Kate is trying to quit smoking. Her therapist has her write out and sign a formal agreement that outlines goals, tasks, and penalties to help her change her behavior. It also outlines rewards she will receive as she meets each milestone. Kate has entered into a(n): participant modeling scenario. extinction therapy. contingency contract. token economy.

Lithium is a type of _____ drug. antianxiety mood stabilizing antidepressant antipsychotic

Electroconvulsive therapy is still used to treat: hallucinations. phobias. paranoia. severe depression.

Nora suffers from depression. Her doctor prescribes antidepressant medication. Her doctor is using _____ to treat her. biological therapy psychodynamic therapy psychopharmacology psychoanalysis

Rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) was developed by: B. F. Skinner. Albert Ellis. Sigmund Freud. Carl Rogers.

Daniel failed a math test. Upon receiving his grade, Daniel believed that he must be bad at math and therefore would fail the class, be unable to get into college, and would have to work in fast food for the rest of his life. Daniel is exhibiting: selective thinking. overgeneralization. magnification and minimization. arbitrary inference.

The word _____ means "a place of safety." asylum empathy alliance therapy

Which of the following is NOT true about self-help/support groups? The leader of the group has the same problem as the rest of the group members. A therapist leads the group meetings. They are free. They are formed around a particular problem such as alcoholism or drug abuse.

Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy? the work of the therapist is essentially done by the other participants the opportunity for the therapist and the client to observe how the client interacts with others fostering confrontation for people to transfer their hostilities in a safe environment forcing shy people to overcome their issues

An estimated _______ of people feel that psychotherapy has helped them. 75-90 percent 55-70 percent 15-25 percent 35-40 percent

______ is psychotherapy that is offered on the Internet. Internet interpretational therapy IP-centric therapy Cybertherapy Technological psychoanalysis

Which of the following is a danger of seeking psychological treatment over the Internet? The long amounts of time a client spends on the computer causes an increase in personality disorders due to lack of interpersonal communication. The lack of interpersonal communication causes a higher suicide rate for people seeking treatment online. There is no guarantee that a cybertherapist has any credentials or training in psychotherapy. The potential for identity theft increases.

Meredith tells her therapist, Dr. Shepherd, that her mother recently died and she's been experiencing suicidal thoughts. Dr. Shepherd responds by explaining that he can imagine that she must be feeling angry and abandoned. Dr. Shepherd is displaying ______, a key element in person-centered therapy. authenticity empathy reflection unconditional positive regard

Gestalt therapy is a(n) _____ therapy perspective. nondirective archaic averse directive

Reflection is the technique the therapist must use: to show genuine openness and honesty and treat the client in a nonjudgmental environment. to ensure the client is treated in an atmosphere of love, warmth, respect, and affection. to acknowledge what the clients are feeling and experiencing in order to project understanding. to allow clients to have insights without the interference of the therapist's ideas.

Dr. Aman treats individuals who have phobic disorders by having them relax, then instructing them to visualize the feared object while the intensity of the visualization is gradually increased. All the while, the clients maintain relaxation. Dr. Aman appears to be using the technique called ________. flooding aversion therapy reflection systematic desensitization

As Kenya explained to her therapist the current problems and feelings with which she was dealing, her therapist simply responded by restating to Kenya what he had heard her say, allowing Kenya to gain insight into her own problems. Kenya's therapist was using which of the following techniques? transference authenticity reflection empathy

Many modern-day psychoanalysts are much more _____ than Freud would have been. cognitive person-centered nondirective directive

Pam has a dream that she's in the grocery store and can't find her children. Her therapist uses this actual dream imagery, or ______ content to learn about issues that might be important to Pam. He will first have to take this actual dream scenario and interpret it for its underlying symbols. transference directive manifest latent

In the Middle Ages, mental illness was thought to be caused by demonic possession. poor nutrition. bacterial infections. isolation during childhood.

Although psychologists have discovered both drug treatments and psychological treatments that are effective in treating anxiety disorders, drug treatments are not as enduring in their effects as psychological treatments. are more enduring in their effects than psychological treatments. do not work as quickly in providing relief from anxiety. can have fewer negative side effects than psychological treatments.

Which of the following types of therapy were introduced during the 1960s and 1970s? humanistic and brain imaging therapies humanistic and psychodynamic therapies cognitive and psychoanalytic therapies cognitive and behavioral therapies

In the mid-twentieth century, treatments such as _______________ and _______________ were used to treat severe, persistent mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); lobotomies burning; torture brain imaging and anti-psychotic drugs isolation; tranquilizer chairs

In the 1950s, scientists discovered ______________, and over time, due to the effectiveness of this treatment, many institutionalized patients were released and treated on an outpatient basis. anti-psychotic drugs SSRIs tranquilizer chairs cognitive behavioral therapy

The success rate of therapy often depends on the therapist's level of experience. the number of times per week the individual attends sessions. the individual's personality and how well they get along with their therapist. whether the individual is willing to take medication as well as undergo therapy.

Which of the following therapies focuses on uncovering events, conflicts, and issues that have occurred during a person's childhood and may be causing conflict in the person's adult life? behavior therapy person-centered therapy cognitive behavioral therapy psychoanalysis

Humanistic, or person-centered, therapy is characterized by the belief that people get better after they accept the fact that they must take appropriate medication. have the ability to change their own mental well-being for the better. can only get better with the full support of their family members. can only get better if they submit completely to the therapist.

Prescott has an irrational fear of spiders and has begun working with a therapist to conquer his phobia. His therapist begins a process of desensitization, continually exposing Prescott to spiders until his anxiety eventually lessens. This is an example of humanistic therapy. psychodynamic therapy. behavior therapy. psychoanalysis.

Which of the following types of therapy focuses on unlearning negative thought patterns and making them more positive, essentially reframing how the individual perceives certain situations? psychodynamic therapy cognitive behavioral therapy biomedical therapy person-centered therapy

Which of the following is true regarding the delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy? Cognitive behavioral therapy can be delivered in any setting, but it is most effective in groups. Cognitive behavioral therapy is only effective when delivered in a group setting. Cognitive behavioral therapy is only effective when delivered in a one-on-one setting. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be delivered in both one-on-one and group settings.

Which of the following is a goal of cognitive behavioral therapy? to help the client uncover repressed childhood traumas to help the client find meaning in his or her life to help the client learn how to respond differently to his or her emotions to help the client cut out negative influences in his or her life

Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on the interaction of thoughts and repressed conflicts in the unconscious mind culture, biology, and history. thoughts, feelings (both emotions and physiological sensations), and behavior. environment, genetics, and emotions.

Psychologists think that low _______________________ causes anxiety sensitivity, which can lead to anxiety disorders. distress tolerance desensitization stress assimilation testosterone

How might a psychologist help a patient become more comfortable with sensations associated with panic disorder, such as a racing heart? by having the patient write down all of the sensations that scare him or her by engaging the patients in exercises or situations that mimic the sensation, such as running in place, to demonstrate that the sensation is not actually dangerous by hypnotizing the patient and suggesting that he or she no longer feels these sensations when anxious by isolating patients and engaging in intense talk therapy until the patient is cured

Four areas to consider when evaluating whether or not someone needs professional help include distress, dysfunction, danger to themselves or others, and delusion. depression. defense mechanisms. deviance.

When considering distress as factor in deciding whether someone needs professional help, we should consider how a person's friends and family perceive their behaviors. how appropriate a person's emotional response is to a situation. whether a person is going to harm him- or herself. how often a person gets upset about certain situations.

Deviance refers to behavior that falls well outside accepted social norms. makes other people uncomfortable. is different on a day-to-day basis. is too rigid.

In general, where is the first place a college student should go to seek help for mental health issues on campus? the campus counseling center the dean of students campus police the admissions office

_____________ relates to whether a person can maintain connections with family and friends and to how well the individual can participate in daily activities. Distress Deviance Delusions Dysfunction

Mentally ill people began to be confined to institutions called asylums in:

Philippe Pinel became famous for:

action therapy:

insight therapies:

manifest content:

latent content

free association

resistance

transference:

Directive:

Person-centered therapy

nondirective:

Rogers four elements of Person-centered therapy

authenticity:

unconditional positive regard:

empathy:

reflection:

Gestalt therapy:

Systematic desensitization:

Aversion therapy:

flooding:

Exposure therapy:

Modeling:

participant modeling:

Behavior therapies:

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies Three goals:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT):

Self-help group (support group):

Group therapy is most useful to persons who:

Advantages of Group therapy

Disadvantages of Group therapy

Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Four barriers to effective psychotherapy

antipsychotic drugs:

antianxiety drugs:

mood-stabilizing drugs:

antidepressant drugs: