Who made up the majority of the Republican Party in the South in the late 1800s?
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Carpetbaggers
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Abraham Lincoln's and Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans shared an emphasis on
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ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.
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Within months of the end of the Civil War, about one-third of black women in the South
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abandoned field work.
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By 1872, many Republican leaders had come to believe that which group offered the best hope for honesty, order, and prosperity in the South?
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Traditional white leadership
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Who opposed President Johnson's reconstruction plan?
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Republican legislators
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The Ku Klux Klan developed into a paramilitary organization, but it began as
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a social club for Confederate veterans who wanted to restore white supremacy.
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Who was disappointed in the voting rights provisions in the Fourteenth Amendment?
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Advocates of female suffrage
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What was the result of President Johnson's plan to unite white opponents against the Fourteenth Amendment for the election of 1866?
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The Republicans won a resounding victory.
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What was the result of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Slaughterhouse cases (1873)?
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It limited the authority of federal courts in cases involving the civil rights of state citizens.
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Why did African Americans prefer sharecropping to wage labor?
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Sharecropping freed blacks from the day-to-day supervision of whites.
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The purpose of the black codes passed in 1865 was to
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subordinate blacks to whites.
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The new southern state constitutions mandated by the Reconstruction Acts introduced which of the following reforms?
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Universal male suffrage
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The Fifteenth Amendment
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extended black male suffrage to the entire nation.
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How did the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment shape future Republican policy?
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It allowed Republicans to ignore black rights in the future.
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What happened to the whites who killed eighty-one blacks during the Colfax massacre?
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They went free because nobody would prosecute them.
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Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1866 extraordinary?
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It made discrimination in state laws illegal.
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What did "Sherman land" and the establishment of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands demonstrate to Southerners about Reconstruction?
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The policies convinced ex-slaves that they would become independent landowners.
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What did former slaves hope to gain from the Reconstruction labor transformation?
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Land ownership
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What did President Johnson do after Mississippi's rejection of legislation that outlawed slavery and to South Carolina's refusal to renounce secession?
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Johnson refused to intervene.
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How did Southern Democrats appeal to small white farmers?
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The Democrats convinced poor whites that they paid taxes for blacks.
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To challenge Grant's reelection campaign in 1872, both the Liberty Party and the Democratic Party endorsed
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Horace Greeley.
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Why did many ex-slaves flee the biracial Methodist church soon after emancipation?
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Ex-slaves wanted religious autonomy.
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What happened to most sharecroppers once they borrowed goods on a crop lien?
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They ended up in a cycle of debt.
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President Grant wanted to annex which Caribbean island to increase trade and to provide a new home for Southern blacks?
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Santo Domingo
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Who were the Redeemers in the South?
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Southern Democrats who wanted to restore white supremacy in the South
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Supreme Court decisions in the years following the Civil War largely
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undermined reconstruction.
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How did Congress respond to southern Republicans' pleas for federal protection from the racism and violence of the Ku Klux Klan?
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Congress passed the Ku Klux Klan Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
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What was the result of the presidential election of 1876?
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Tilden won the popular vote but fell one vote short of victory in the electoral college.
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Who was disappointed in the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867?
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Ex-slaves who demanded the redistribution of land
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What was outlawed under the army's system of compulsory free labor in the South during and after the Civil War?
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Whipping
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Why did many freedmen travel immediately after gaining freedom?
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They wanted to reunite their families.
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The goal of the Wade-Davis bill was to
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guarantee freedmen equal protection before the law.
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What was the significance of pardons granted to rebel soldiers under the terms of Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction?
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The pardons restored property (except slaves) to rebel soldiers.
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Union general Carl Schurz believed that to protect themselves from white oppression, newly freed blacks would need
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voting rights.
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Which factor led to the inclusion of a guarantee of black suffrage in the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867?
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Persistent pressure from blacks
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What problem plagued the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South?
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Corruption
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How did the Fourteenth Amendment deal with voting rights?
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It gave Congress the right to reduce an intransigent state's representation.
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In Lincoln's plan for reconstruction, what did a Confederate state need to do to qualify for readmission into the Union?
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Ten percent of the voting population needed to take an oath of allegiance before forming a new government.
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What was the result of Republican campaigns for public education in the South during the Reconstruction period?
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Literacy rates rose sharply across the South.
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Why did President Andrew Johnson's quick reconstruction of ex-Confederate states shock reformers?
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He had long expressed a desire to destroy the southern planter aristocracy.
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What was the real result of the Fifteenth Amendment?
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It was undermined by literacy and property qualifications in southern states.
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How did moderate Republicans and Republican Radicals differ in 1865?
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Moderates did not actively support black voting rights and the distribution of confiscated lands to the freedmen, while Radicals did.
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Andrew Johnson was impeached on what charge?
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Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act.
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What was the result of the impeachment trial of President Johnson?
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Johnson no longer interfered in Reconstruction.
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After Ulysses S. Grant, the former Union general, was elected president in 1868, he
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supported congressional reconstruction.
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The election controversy ended with the Compromise of 1877, in which
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southern Democrats accepted a Republican president in exchange for federal subsidies and the removal of federal troops from the South.
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Although Andrew Johnson had left the Democratic Party before becoming president, he seemed more a Democrat than a Republican as president because he
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advocated limitations on federal power.
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How influential were African American politicians during the period southern whites derisively called "Negro domination?"
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Only one out of five Republican officeholders was black.
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What was the result of the Compromise of 1877?
answer
The Compromise spelled the end of Reconstruction.
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By the early 1870s, the congressional reconstruction goals of 1866
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had been mostly abandoned by Northerners.
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