HIST2620 Chapter 15

31 August 2022
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question
"Waving the bloody shirt" referred to:
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a Republican attempt to associate Democrats with secession and treason.
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According to the petition from the freedmen to President Andrew Johnson, how was the planter class endangering freedom?
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They tried to limit economic opportunity.
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After the Civil War, many ex-slaves traveled throughout the South. What was the reality for these ex-slaves?
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Large revivals of African-Americans, who had recently converted to Christianity, took place in the countryside. Many slaves were moving around in search of family members who had been sold.
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After the Civil War, some ex-slaves walked hundreds of miles in search of family members.
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True
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After the Civil War, which territory became the first to allow women to vote?
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Wyoming.
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Andrew Johnson:
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lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion.
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Anything less than ________ would betray the Civil War's meaning, black spokesmen insisted.
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full citizenship
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As part of the Bargain of 1877, President Grant appointed a southerner to his cabinet.
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False
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Because of land redistribution, the vast majority of rural freedmen and freedwomen prospered during Reconstruction.
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False
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Black ministers during the Reconstruction played a major role in politics, holding some 250 public offices.
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True
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Black officeholders during Reconstruction:
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helped ensure a degree of fairness in treatment of African-American citizens.
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Black suffrage made little difference in the South, as very few blacks voted or ran for public office during Reconstruction.
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false
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By examining Reconstruction from 1863 to 1877, what conclusion can be drawn?
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With three different government plans, it was one of the most complex time periods in American history.
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By the mid-1870s, white farmers were cultivating as much as 80 percent of the region's cotton crop.
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False
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Compared to rebels in the rest of world history's civil wars, the rebels of the defeated Confederacy were treated very harshly.
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False
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Despite the Fourteenth Amendment, which group was still being denied United States citizenship?
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Asians.
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During Reconstruction, southern cities:
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enjoyed newfound prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the North.
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During Reconstruction, the role of the church in the black community:
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was central, as African-Americans formed their own churches.
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During Reconstruction, those like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone who supported a woman's right to vote:
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found themselves divided over whether or not to support the Fifteenth Amendment.
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Economic growth in the South was stronger in rural areas than in urban centers like Atlanta.
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False
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For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant:
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land ownership.
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For the 1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair Jr. had a campaign motto of:
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This Is a White Man's Country. Let White Men Rule.
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General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order 15:
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set aside the Sea Islands and forty-acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.
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Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce were the first two black:
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U.S. senators.
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How can Andrew Johnson be compared to Abraham Lincoln?
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When making decisions, Johnson was more stubborn and less willing to compromise than Lincoln.
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How did Frederick Douglass see the post-Civil War South?
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Douglass wanted to ensure that the ideals of the Declaration of Independence became a reality for black men, too.
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How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy?
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The nation's first African-American colleges were established.
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How did The Agitator, a women's rights journal, go beyond suffrage?
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It openly discussed employment discrimination.
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How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?
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The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers.
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How did the Civil War affect planter families?
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For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor.
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How did the Reconstruction amendments change the role of government?
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The Supreme Court's role would be diminished.
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Howard University is well known as:
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a black university in Washington, D.C.
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If a man from Maine came to live in the South as a teacher, what would he most likely be labeled as?
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A carpetbagger.
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In March 1867, Congress began Radical Reconstruction by adopting the ________, which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South.
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Reconstruction Act
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In Mississippi in 1875, white rifle clubs drilled in public and openly assaulted and murdered Republicans.
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true
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In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and black officials?
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Redeemers.
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In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?
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It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.
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James Pike's The Prostrate State was in support of the black Republican governments in the South during Reconstruction.
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False
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Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been:
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non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.
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Northern investors were more likely to invest in the West than in the South.
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True
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Opponents of Radical Reconstruction could not accept the idea of former slaves voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law.
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True
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Radical Republicans:
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fully embraced the expanded powers of the federal government born during the Civil War.
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Right after the Civil War, ex-slaves did not care about the right to vote.
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False
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Sharecropping:True False
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was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision).
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Southern Republicans during Reconstruction:
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established the South's first state-supported schools.
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Thaddeus Stevens's most cherished aim was to confiscate the land of disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and northern migrants to the South.
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True
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The 1868 presidential election saw Ulysses S. Grant defeating Horatio Seymour.
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False
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The 1873 depression strengthened the North's resolve to ensure the success of Reconstruction, since the depression really hurt the South's farmers, highlighting the need for reform in the region.
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False
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The Bargain of 1877:
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led to the appointment of a southerner as postmaster general.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.
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True
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The Civil Rights Bill of 1866:
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defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.
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The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to:
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stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.
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The Fifteenth Amendment:
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sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.
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The Fourteenth Amendment:
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marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.
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The Freedmen's Bureau resembled some government social policies that would be used during the Great Depression.
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True
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The Freedmen's Bureau:
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made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.
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The Ku Klux Klan was an organization of the lower classes of the South—those who felt left out of white society.
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False
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The Liberal Republican movement in 1872:
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initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant's policies in the South.
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The Prostrate State depicts:
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South Carolina under allegedly corrupt Negro rule during Reconstruction.
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The Reconstruction amendments toppled the ideals of what Supreme Court decision?
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Dred Scott v. Stanford.
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The Senate, following the House's impeachment vote, removed Andrew Johnson from office.
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False
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The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that:
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most rights of citizens were under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.
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The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law:
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demonstrated that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.
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The Whiskey Ring scandal took place during the administration of:
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Ulysses Grant.
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The Wyoming territorial government granted suffrage to women because they thought it would attract more female settlers.
answer
True
question
The bloodiest act of violence during Reconstruction took place in ________ in 1873, where armed whites killed hundreds of former slaves, including fifty militia members who had surrendered.
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Colfax, Louisiana,
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The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the:
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Information Age. Second Reconstruction.
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The crop-lien system:
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kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.
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The election of 1876:
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was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
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The idea that change comes slowly can be evidenced by what event during Reconstruction?
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Women were excluded from the suffrage amendment.
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The most ambitious, but least successful, of the Radical Republicans' aims was
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land reform.
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The southern Black Codes:
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allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.
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Through analyzing the "Sharecropping Contract," what can be determined?
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The contract was a type of economic slavery.
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Unlike Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone favored the Fifteenth Amendment.
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True
question
What benefit did Abraham Lincoln see in having Andrew Johnson on his ticket?
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Lincoln's party hoped to build a Republican base in the South.
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What did Andrew Johnson do with the land of plantation owners seized during the Civil War?
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He returned it to the original owners.
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What did Andrew Johnson focus on with his Reconstruction plan?
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Presidential pardons.
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What did the ex-slaves see as key to improving their condition?
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Receiving free land.
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What did the freedmen request in their "Petition of Committee on Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson" in 1865?
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The right to purchase a homestead.
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What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?
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He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.
question
What made the Burlingame Treaty unique?
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It was actually a declaration of war against China.
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What was ironic about the election of Andrew Johnson?
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A man from a state that had seceded was now president.
question
What was the northern vision for the Reconstruction-era southern economy?
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Emancipated African-Americans would have the same opportunities for advancement as northern whites.
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When Congress sent Andrew Johnson the Civil Rights Bill of 1866, he:
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argued that it discriminated against whites.
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When analyzing the election of 1876, what conclusion can be drawn?
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If Tilden had won the electoral votes from Louisiana, Florida, or South Carolina, he would have been elected president.
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When assessing the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, what can be determined about this issue?
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Both Congress and the president accused the other of unconstitutional acts.
question
When the Union was restored by 1870, the southern states had Democratic majorities.
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False
question
Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War?
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Methodist and Baptist.
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Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?
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Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.
question
While Republicans were in power in the South, they established the region's first state-supported public schools.
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True
question
White farmers in the late nineteenth-century South:
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included many sharecroppers involved in the crop-lien system.
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White southern Democrats considered scalawags traitors to both their party and their race.
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True
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Who referred to the amendments of Reconstruction as a "great Constitutional revolution"?
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Carl Schurz.
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Why did Mark Twain call Anson Burlingame "a citizen of the world"?
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Burlingame looked beyond a narrow view of citizenship.
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Why specifically did Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan fail?
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Prominent ex-Confederates and pre-Civil War elite came into power.
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Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment?
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Johnson's lawyers assured moderate Republicans that he would behave for the rest of his term, so several voted to acquit him.
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With the beginning of Radical Reconstruction, southern African-Americans in the late 1860s and early 1870s took direct action to remedy long-standing grievances. These actions included:
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sit-ins that helped to integrate horse-drawn streetcars in southern cities.
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With the end of slavery in the British Caribbean, more than 100,000 laborers came from where to fill the labor shortage?
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India.
question
With the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, all people born in the United States were automatically citizens.
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True