Which pathways compose the autonomic nervous system?
A only
B only
C only
B and C
answer
B and C
The outflow of the ANS is characterized by a two-neuron chain spanning from CNS to the effector organ. Both B and C show such an arrangement consisting of both pre- and postganglionic
question
Which of the following releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine?
terminus of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron
terminus of a somatic motor neuron
terminus of a sympathetic postganglionic neuron
terminus of a parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
answer
terminus of a sympathetic postganglionic neuron
- Release of norepinephrine at synapses within effector organs is characteristic of the sympathetic division (B).
question
Which of the following is a way in which the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are similar?
Both systems share common effectors.
Both systems have ganglia in their motor pathways.
Both systems share common efferent pathways.
Both systems elicit the same target organ responses to their neurotransmitters.
None of the listed responses is correct.
answer
None of the listed responses is correct.
question
Which of these activities is most likely driven by parasympathetic innervation?
sweating and dilating pupils
resting and digesting
vigorous physical activity
fight-or-flight responses
answer
resting and digesting
- The parasympathetic division, sometimes called the "rest and digest" system, keeps body energy use as low as possible, even as it directs vital housekeeping activities like digesting food and eliminating feces and urine.
question
Which reflex requires gamma motor neurons to set the length of the muscle?
crossed-extensor reflex
stretch reflex
tendon reflex
flexor reflex
answer
stretch reflex
- The gamma motor neurons signal the intrafusal muscle fibers, which stretch with the skeletal muscle. If the intrafusal fiber is stretched, sensory receptors initiate the stretch reflex.
question
Which of the following is NOT associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
emergency action
resting
digesting
energy conservation
answer
emergency action
- The activity of the sympathetic division, often called the "fight-or-flight" system, is evident when we are excited, exercising, or find ourselves in emergency situations.
question
Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?
thoracic and lumbar
cranial only
cranial and sacral
cervical and lumbar
answer
thoracic and lumbar
- Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and upper lumbar regions (T1 to L2) of the spinal cord.
question
Which of the letters in the figure indicates the vagus nerve?
A
B
C
D
answer
A
-The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is a component of the parasympathetic cranial outflow and controls normal function of organs of the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities.
question
The group of fibers indicated by E represents which of the following?
splanchnic nerves
dorsal ramus
white rami communicantes
ventral ramus
answer
white rami communicantes
- The white rami communicantes connect preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord to the sympathetic trunk.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the group of fibers indicated by the letter D?
D indicates fibers that mediate the long-lasting effects of the parasympathetic division.
D indicates fibers that bypass collateral ganglia and terminate within the adrenal gland.
D indicates fibers that stimulate the release of acetylcholine into the blood stream from the adrenal gland.
All the listed statements regarding the fibers at D are correct.
answer
D indicates fibers that bypass collateral ganglia and terminate within the adrenal gland.
-Unlike other preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division, the particular fibers indicated by D pass through the celiac ganglion to the adrenal gland, where they stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
question
Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
cerebral cortex
brain stem
hypothalamus
peripheral ganglia
answer
hypothalamus
-The hypothalamus stands at the top of the control hierarchy as the integrator of ANS activity.
question
Which division of the nervous system has long preganglionic neurons?
somatic sensory
somatic motor
parasympathetic
sympathetic
answer
parasympathetic
-The parasympathetic division has long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers.
question
What differentiates an autonomic reflex from a somatic reflex?
presence of a sensory receptor
a single sensory neuron in the sensory pathway
a two-neuron motor pathway
an integration center
answer
a two-neuron motor pathway
-Visceral reflex arcs have essentially the same components as somatic reflex arcs--receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector. A key difference is that a visceral reflex arc has two neurons in its (autonomic) motor component, whereas the somatic reflex arc has a single (somatic) motor neuron.
question
The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.
True
False
answer
True
question
Which plexus does NOT receive innervation from the vagus nerve?
inferior hypogastric plexus
cardiac plexuses
pulmonary plexuses
abdominal aortic plexus
answer
inferior hypogastric plexus
-The inferior hypogastric plexus receives nerve fibers from the pelvic splanchnic (spinal) nerves, not the vagus (cranial) nerve. As the vagus nerves pass into the thorax, they send branches to the cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses. In the abdominal cavity, they send fibers through the large abdominal aortic plexus.
question
Once a preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, one of three things can happen to the axon. Which of the following is NOT one of these three things?
The axon can synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion.
The axon can pass through the trunk ganglion and emerge from the sympathetic trunk without synapsing.
The axon can course back into the spinal cord to synapse with preganglionic neurons in a different spinal segment.
The axon can ascend or descend the sympathetic trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion.
answer
The axon can course back into the spinal cord to synapse with preganglionic neurons in a different spinal segment.
-Preganglionic axons do not pass back into the spinal cord.
question
Which target organ is NOT affected by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
lungs
heart
adrenal medulla
liver
answer
adrenal medulla
-The adrenal medulla is not innervated (thus not affected) by the parasympathetic division of the ANS. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine (hormones that contribute to the overall fight-or-flight response mediated by the sympathetic division of the ANS) into the bloodstream.
question
Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?
beta 3
alpha 1
beta 1
beta 2
answer
beta 1
question
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.
hypothalamus
inferior colliculus
lateral geniculate of the thalamus
lateral horn of the spinal cord
answer
hypothalamus
question
Raynaud's disease ________.
occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
is induced by heat stress
is frequently life threatening
answer
is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy