Motor innervation to the stomach is classified as __________ .
answer
visceral motor
question
The basic components of the peripheral nervous system are __________ and __________.
answer
cranial nerves; spinal nerves
question
Microglia are unlike other neuroglial cells in that they __________.
answer
derive from pre-natal monocytes
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The processes that branch from the cell body of a neuron and receive signals from other neurons are__________.
answer
dendrites
question
Which factors contribute to increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission?
answer
larger diameter of axon and the presence of myelin sheath
question
Which of the following is an example of a multipolar neuron?
answer
Purkinje cells in the cerebellum
question
Which of the following statements describes interneurons?
answer
Interneurons are multipolar neurons that are confined to the CNS and are linked together in chains that form complex neuronal pathways.
question
How are gray matter and white matter arranged in the CNS?
answer
Gray matter is deep to the superficial white matter in the spinal cord.
question
What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
answer
Corpus callosum
question
Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain?
answer
Thalamus
question
Where is the arbor vitae located?
answer
Cerebellum
question
What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section?
answer
Superior colliculus
question
Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?
answer
Cerebrum
question
Why does a lumbar puncture take place in the lower lumbar region of the spinal cord?
answer
The spinal cord ends at approximately the level of L1, making the area between L4 and L5 a safe location to sample cerebral spinal fluid without injuring the neural tissue of the spinal cord.
question
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the spinal cord?
answer
Through the cranial nerves that attach to it, the spinal cord is involved in sensory and motor innervation of the head and neck.
question
Damage to the ventral horns of the spinal cord or to the ventral motor roots destroys motor neurons in the region of injury, resulting in__________paralysis.
answer
flaccid
question
You are anxious to help teenagers fall asleep earlier in the evening. Possible (but not necessarily recommended) solutions might include which of the following?
answer
All of the listed responses are correct.
question
Which neuronal structures are located in the ventral horn?
answer
Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
question
Which meninx surrounding the central nervous system contains blood vessels that nourish the neural tissue?
answer
Pia mater
question
Which clinical symptom results from injury to the descending fiber tracts in the spinal cord white matter?
answer
Spastic paralysis
question
Which brain region coordinates all of these critical functions: adjusts the rate and force of heart contractions, adjusts blood vessel diameter to regulate blood pressure, and regulates respiration rates?
answer
medulla oblongata
question
A patient can understand words spoken to him, but has an impaired ability to speak. Which area of the brain related to speech is functioning normally and which area has been damaged?
answer
Wernicke's area; Broca's area
question
Damage to which region of the brain would result in someone being unable to identify an item in his or her pocket by touch alone?
answer
somatosensory association cortex
question
The thalamus __________.
answer
is a colletion of approximately 12 nuclei where every type of sensory impulse except olfactory impulses synapse; it is the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex
question
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) __________.
answer
is formed in the choroid plexuses of all four brain ventricles
question
Areas of the cerebral cortex involved with the initiation of motor impulses are localized to the posterior aspect of the __________.
answer
frontal lobe
question
The __________ governs arousal of the brain as a whole, and maintains consciousness and alertness.
answer
reticular formation
question
The pons is __________.
answer
a "bridge" between the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum, contains some reticular formation nuclei, and the middle cerebellar peduncles attach to it
question
Which of these statements is true of the hypothalamus?
answer
It controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates hunger and thirst sensations.
question
If a person's corpus callosum was severed __________.
answer
that person would experience a lack of communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres
question
Branches of the__________cranial nerve are desensitized when a dentist gives a shot of Novocain which prevents pain impulse transmission from the teeth and gums.
answer
trigeminal
question
What do the three nerves illustrated here have in common?
answer
All are primarily or exclusively sensory nerves.
question
The__________nerve is the only cranial nerve to innervate structures of the thoracic cavity and abdomen.
answer
vagus
question
The__________nerve transmits afferent impulses for the special senses of hearing and balance.
answer
vestibulocochlear
question
As a result of fracturing the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in a motor vehicle accident, a 37-year-old female reports losing her sense of smell. After the accident, she was told she was dripping cerebrospinal fluid from her nose. Which other injury might she have sustained?
answer
The meninges and the epithelial lining of the nasal mucosa were punctured.
question
Children that have had chicken pox may experience a reactivation of this viral infection in adulthood, which is known as
answer
shingles
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