Chap 17 - Nervous System

The limbic system is a separate part of the brain located behind the cerebellum on top of the brain stem. True or False?

The brains of Alzheimer disease patients show no abnormalities post-mortem. True or False?

Nicotine is not considered a drug because it does not affect the body physically. True or False?

Most illicit drugs affect the action of the brain by interfering with the Na+-K+ pump and nerve impulses. True or False?

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain in humans. True or False?

Both meningitis and kuru involve infectious agents. True or False?

When anyone severs his spinal cord, as Christopher Reeve did in a horse riding accident, they suffer a loss of sensation and a loss of voluntary control. True or False?

If you have extreme difficulties learning how to hit a baseball or play the piano, there may be a problem with your cerebellum. True or False?

A stroke results from a disruption of the blood supply to the brain. True or False?

Myasthenia gravis can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs although there is no cure. True or False?

Which description best fits the Central Nervous System (CNS)? ( ) Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located in the midline of the body. ( ) Consists of the brain and spinal cord, connecting the muscles and the brain. ( ) Consists of the spinal cord, located in the midline of the body. ( ) Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located on the edges of the body. ( ) Transmits sensory impulses to the PNS and motor impulses to the brain.

Which types of cells are found only in the Central Nervous System? ( ) interneurons ( ) sensory neurons ( ) motor neurons ( ) interneurons and sensory neurons ( ) interneurons and motor neurons

Consciousness is best associated with the

The membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are called

Which part of the brain contains centers for the heartbeat and respiration? ( ) medulla oblongata ( ) hypothalamus ( ) cerebellum ( ) cerebrum ( ) pons

The primary functions of the spinal cord involve

The main function of the cerebrospinal fluid is

Spinal nerves contain

When the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is cut,

What are the interconnecting spaces that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain called?

Which part of the brain is a seahorse-shaped structure deep in the temporal lobe? ( ) ganglia ( ) medulla ( ) corpus callosum ( ) hippocampus ( ) occipital area

Which brain structure serves as a bridge between the sensory association areas and the prefrontal area? ( ) hippocampus ( ) amygdala ( ) pons ( ) brain stem ( ) cerebellum

Which structure communicates with the prefrontal area of the brain and is involved in learning and memory? ( ) hippocampus ( ) amygdala ( ) pineal gland ( ) thalamus ( ) hypothalamus

Due to experimentation, it was discovered that which structure was involved in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories?

Which amino acid, in mice, was discovered to play a role in memory? ( ) glutamate ( ) valine ( ) serine ( ) histidine ( ) methionine

People claim that once you have learned to ride a bicycle you can always ride a bicycle, even if you haven't ridden for a long time. What type of memory is associated with this?

What is the definition of learning?

Which type of memory is associated with specific facts, persons, and events?

A reflex

A nerve impulse is caused by

An impulse traveling up the spinal cord first enters the brain at the

Which part of a simple reflex takes the message away from the CNS? ( ) sensory neuron ( ) receptor ( ) interneuron ( ) motor neuron ( ) effector

When individuals experience fear and pleasure, what part of the brain has been stimulated? ( ) hypothalamus ( ) pons ( ) reticular activating system ( ) limbic system ( ) thalamus

Which limbic structure allows us to respond to and display anger and also prompts the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream? ( ) amygdala ( ) hippocampus ( ) cerebellum ( ) cerebrum ( ) pons

Which structures are associated with the limbic system? ( ) cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and diencephalon ( ) cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and spinal cord ( ) cerebral lobes, peripheral nerves, and diencephalon ( ) cerebellum, basal nuclei, and diencephalon ( ) spinal cord, basal nuclei, and diencephalon

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?

In Figure 17.4 (from book page 313), number 3 represents ( ) depolarization. ( ) repolarization. ( ) action potential. ( ) threshold. ( ) resting potential.

In Figure 17.4 (from book page 313) of an action potential, number 1 indicates the movement of ( ) Na+ to the inside. ( ) Na+ to the outside. ( ) K+ to the inside. ( ) K+ to the outside. ( ) Cl- to the outside.

Since the membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+,

How fast a person can type or play the piano is ultimately limited by the number of impulses a person can send to their finger muscles per second. This in turn is limited by

The sodium/potassium pump is primarily responsible for the

Saltatory conduction occurs when ( ) salt (or sodium) levels are highest. ( ) the sodium (salt) gates open. ( ) the resting potential fails to be reset. ( ) there is no synapse and the axon is continuous with the next dendrite. ( ) the action potential jumps from node to node.

In order for transmission across the synapse to occur,

Neurotransmitters are molecules that cross the synaptic cleft via

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals in a neuron is called

Which statement is true regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic motor pathways? ( ) Both divisions have two neurons per message. ( ) The sympathetic division is under voluntary control while the parasympathetic is under involuntary control. ( ) The sympathetic divisions uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. ( ) The parasympathetic division uses norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter. ( ) Only the sympathetic division controls smooth and cardiac muscle.

A post-synaptic membrane ( ) must be either an axon membrane or myelin sheath. ( ) must be either a dendrite membrane or cell body membrane. ( ) must be a cell body membrane. ( ) must be either an axon or dendrite membrane. ( ) must be either an axon or cell body membrane.

Dendrites

A nerve is

The likely effect on a neuron of two excitatory signals and twenty inhibitory signals is

The difference between a weak stimulus and an intense stimulus is

Myelinated axons that run together in bundles in the CNS are

In the axon, the nerve impulses travel

In dissection, most nerve fibers appear gray to white because

The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft is

Which body part is associated with only the primary somatosensory area? ( ) genitals ( ) pharynx ( ) tongue ( ) face ( ) thumb

One group of neurotransmitters retards heart rate, promotes digestion, contracts the eye pupil, etc. The other group has the opposite effect. These drugs are affecting the

Which part of the brain is used to integrate incoming information and send it to the appropriate portion of the cerebrum? ( ) hypothalamus ( ) cerebellum ( ) thalamus ( ) limbic system ( ) basal nuclei

What are the two parts of the diencephalon?

Jeremy has developed a problem with regulating his waking/sleeping cycle and regulating his body temperature. Doctors suspect he may have a brain lesion. Where might this lesion be located?

Which is the correct arrangement of tissues from outermost to innermost? ( ) meninges → vertebrae → spinal cord → central canal ( ) meninges → spinal cord → vertebrae → central canal ( ) vertebrae → meninges → spinal cord → central canal ( ) meninges → vertebrae → central canal → spinal cord ( ) vertebrae → meninges → central canal → spinal cord

Which description best fits the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)? ( ) Nerves that carry sensory messages to the CNS and motor commands to the muscles and glands. ( ) Nerves that carries motor commands to the CNS and sensory messages to the muscles and glands. ( ) Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located in the midline of the body. ( ) Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located on the peripheral aspect of the body. ( ) None of these are descriptions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

In Figure 17.16 (cross section of spinal cord like book pg 326), the structure at "c" is a(n)

In Figure 17.16 (cross section of spinal cord like book pg 326), the structure at "a" is a(n)

Why does the primary somatosensory area have a larger section dedicated to the fingers and hand, than to the feet and toes?

Generally, nerve impulses do not move "backward" along a series of neurons. What is the reason for this?

You spray an insect with common insecticide that destroys the ability of acetylcholinesterase to recycle acetylcholine. What then happens?

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases? ( ) In both cases, the patient slowly loses memory and slowly drifts into inactivity. ( ) In both cases, the patient becomes increasingly excited and over stimulated. ( ) Patients with AD produce too much beta amyloid while those with PD produce too little dopamine. ( ) Patients with AD produce too little beta amyloid while those with PD produce too little dopamine. ( ) Patients with AD produce too much beta amyloid while those with PD produce too much dopamine.

Carpal tunnel syndrome results in damage to the median nerve, resulting in lack of control to the wrist and also numbness. This indicates that

Which of the following is the best description of the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS)? ( ) gradual death of brain cells due to calcium influx ( ) myelin sheath lesions impair normal coordination of impulses ( ) synaptic uptake of dopamine is inhibited ( ) degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain ( ) excessive excitatory signals from the motor cortex

Which disease is associated with mild tremors in one or more limbs, abnormally high levels of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid and onset between the ages of 40 and 60? ( ) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ) Guillain-Barre syndrome ( ) myasthenia gravis ( ) multiple sclerosis ( ) Parkinson's disease

Certain people have an inability to speak due to brain damage. The most likely area that has been damaged is

Administration of norepinephrine would

What are the long-term consequences associated with the use of cocaine?

What are the potential effects of heavy marijuana usage?

Heroin binds to receptors on neurons that travel from the spinal cord to the region of the brain that feels pleasure. These receptors are normally meant for

Which of the following is a long-term effect of heroin use? ( ) The body decreases the production of endorphins. ( ) The body increases the production of endorphins. ( ) A decrease in dopamine production. ( ) A release of excess dopamine. ( ) All of these are long term side effects of heroin use.

Which of the following drugs is a powerful CNS stimulant? ( ) methamphetamine ( ) heroin ( ) marijuana ( ) alcohol ( ) All of these are powerful CNS stimulants.

Which is a combination of physiological and psychological dependence? ( ) tolerance and withdrawal ( ) increasing a drug to get the same effect and preoccupation with trying to get more drugs ( ) seizures and craving for cocaine ( ) the rush of cocaine and the hallucinations of marijuana ( ) a cocaine binge and a nicotine craving

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of addiction to a certain drug? ( ) the drug continues to cause physical or psychological changes in your body ( ) it takes more drug to cause the same changes as before ( ) you cannot function without having the drug ( ) you spend more and more time trying to get the drug and/or thinking about using the drug ( ) you quit eating as long as you can use the drug

Which of the following is NOT a way that a drug affects the brain? ( ) cause the neurotransmitter to leak out of a synaptic vesicle into the axon terminal ( ) promote the release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft ( ) block the enzyme that causes breakdown of the neurotransmitter ( ) mimics the action of a neurotransmitter by binding to the receptor ( ) builds up along the outside of the brain because it cannot pass the blood-brain barrier

Which of the following is NOT true about the cerebrum? ( ) It is the largest part of the human brain. ( ) The gray matter is outermost. ( ) It is responsible for maintenance of breathing and heart rate. ( ) The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum. ( ) Association areas integrate information from different lobes.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrum? ( ) maintains posture and balance ( ) higher thought processes required for learning and memory ( ) higher thought processes required for language and speech ( ) receives sensory input ( ) commands voluntary motor responses

Which of the following is NOT true about the autonomic nervous system? ( ) It uses two motor neurons and one ganglion for each impulse. ( ) It uses preganglionic and postganglionic axons. ( ) It is a part of the peripheral nervous system. ( ) It functions voluntarily and consciously. ( ) It innervates all internal body organs.

Language is NOT dependent on

Which of the following does NOT pertain to neurons? ( ) sodium pumps ( ) Schwann cells ( ) myelin ( ) nodes of Ranvier ( ) cell walls

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron is NOT dependent on

Which of the following is NOT true about the myelin sheath? ( ) It is composed of layers of cellular membrane containing myelin around nerve fibers. ( ) It gives nerve fibers their white glistening appearance. ( ) It provides a pathway for new fiber growth if the axon is severed. ( ) It decreases the speed of nerve impulse conduction. ( ) It is formed from Schwann cells.

Which is NOT a correct association of memory type? ( ) skill memory—ability to perform motor activities ( ) long-term memory—telephone number you "know by heart" ( ) short-term memory—brief or temporary recall of recent events ( ) semantic memory—non-language memory ( ) episodic memory—persons or events

Which is NOT a correct association of brain structures and functions? ( ) midbrain—reflex centers for visual, auditory, and tactile responses ( ) cerebellum—coordinates smooth and coordinated motions ( ) cerebrum—higher thought processes including learning, memory, and speech ( ) pons—regulates breathing rate ( ) thalamus—regulates heartbeat and blood pressure

Which is NOT a correct association of structure and function? ( ) axons—outgoing signals ( ) sensory neuron—controls sensory organs such as eyes ( ) cell body—nucleus and organelles ( ) dendrites—incoming signals ( ) interneuron—sums up input before sending signals to muscle or gland

Which is NOT a correct association of disease with cause or symptoms? ( ) multiple sclerosis—myelin sheath lesions impair normal conduction of impulses ( ) Parkinson's disease—malfunction of the basal nuclei ( ) Alzheimer's disease—gradual death of brain cells in hippocampus due to calcium ion influx ( ) fetal alcohol syndrome—increased intelligence and physical performance ( ) cocaine overdose—seizures and cardiac or respiratory arrest

Which of these is NOT true of the autonomic nervous system? ( ) It controls heartbeat, peristalsis, and secretion of glands. ( ) It is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. ( ) It is composed only of fibers that have an inhibitory function on various organs of the body. ( ) The impulses require two motor neurons to reach their destination. ( ) The system coordinates organ responses.

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain? ( ) the cerebrum ( ) the diencephalon ( ) the cerebellum ( ) the brain stem ( ) the meninges

Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential? ( ) There is a rapid change in polarity from about -65 mV to about +40 mV. ( ) It requires two types of gated channels. ( ) The action potential ends when the polarity across the membrane reaches +40 mV. ( ) Depolarization occurs when sodium gates open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell. ( ) Potassium gates open after the sodium gates and allow potassium ions to leave the cell.