Chapter 11 Nutrition

(a)amniotic sac (b)placenta (c)uterus (d)oviduct (b)placenta

(a)large for gestational age (b)premature (c)very low birth weight (d)low birth weight (d)low birth weight

(a)iron (b)folate (c)vitamin D (d)vitamin K (d)vitamin K

(a)lose about 5 to 10 lb during her pregnancy (b)gain about 11 to 20 lb during her pregnancy (c)not gain any additional weight during her pregnancy (d)limit her intake to 1200 Calories/day (b)gain about 11 to 20 lb during her pregnancy

(a)a rise in blood pressure (b)edema (c)protein in the urine (d)all of the above (d)all of the above

(a)calcium (b)iron (c)protein (d)zinc (a)calcium

(a)the first 3 weeks (b)about 3 to 7 weeks (c)7 to 8 weeks (d)any time after 9 weeks (b)about 3 to 7 weeks

(a)estrogen (b)prolactin (c)progesterone (d)oxytocin (d)oxytocin

(a)within 2 weeks of birth (b)around 4 to 6 months of age (c)at 9 months of age (d)after 1 year of age (b)around 4 to 6 months of age

(a)coffee consumption (b)tobacco use (c)alcohol consumption (d)cocaine use (c)alcohol consumption

(a)5th (b)10th (c)25th (d)50th (b)10th

(a)a type of infant formula that is fortified with omega-3 fatty acids (b)the first stool passed by the infant after delivery (c)the first fluid produced by the breast after delivery (d)the mature milk produced in the later part of a feeding (c)the first fluid produced by the breast after delivery

(a)It contains immune factors that protect the baby from infections. (b)It provides about 50% of calories from fat. (c)It contains a high concentration of iron. (d)The proteins it contains are easily digested. (c)It contains a high concentration of iron.

False

False

False

True

True

True

glucose in the urine**** high blood pressure protein in the urine fluid retention

2-3 mos 7-8 mos 9-12 mos 4-6 mos****

50 175 330**** 600

placenta ovaries corpus lutem lining of the uterus****

Breast milk contains antibodies that provide immune protection to infant. Hormones present in breast-milk make the infant grow larger much more quickly as compared to formula-fed infants.**** The strong suckling required for breast feeding contributes to speech development. Enzymes in breast milk prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms in the infant's colon.

a type of infant formula that is fortified with omega-3 fatty acids. the mature milk produced in the later part of a feeding. the first stool passed by the infant after delivery. the first fluid produced by the breast after delivery.****

oxytocin.

protein zinc calcium**** iron

iron vitamin K**** folate vitamin D

large for gestational age. premature. very low birth weight. low birth weight.****

oviduct amniotic sac placenta**** uterus

The growing fetus receives more glucose The growing fetus receives fewer calories**** The growing fetus is at risk for a difficulty delivery The growing fetus is at risk for being large for gestational age

B2 and B3 biotin and B12 Calcium and vitamin D Iron and folic acid****

lining of the uterus

DHA trans fatty acids ARA DHA and ARA****

iron-fortified infant rice cereal.**** iron-fortified infant multi-grain cereal. strained peaches. strained peas.

The microorganisms that cause colds are passed from the mother to infant in breast milk. HIV infection is passed from the mother to infant in breast milk.**** Nicotine from cigarettes is not passed from the mother to infant in breast milk. Breastfeeding leads to decreased bone density in the lactating mother.

Calcium Iron Vitamin D**** Zinc

double triple**** quadruple Weight gain in infancy is not compared to birthweight

15 70 55**** 10

It contains immune factors that protect the baby from infections. It contains a high concentration of iron.**** It contains proteins that are easy to digest. It provides about 50% of calories from fat.

uterus amniotic sac placenta**** oviduct ovary breast

An equal amount of weight should be gained each month during the pregnancy. No additional weight gain is expected after the second trimester. Most of the weight gain should be in the first trimester. Little weight gain is expected during the first trimester.****

should be limited to five minutes per day. can include several short bouts of intense exercise three days each week. should be avoided during the first trimester. should include low intensity, low impact exercise for women who were not active before pregnancy.****

edema heartburn constipation morning sickness hemorrhoids All of these can be discomforts experienced during pregnancy.****

account for more than 12% of pregnancy-related maternal deaths in the U.S.**** occur most often in women between the ages of 20-32. are mostly related to having hypertension before the pregnancy. are not related to preeclampsia.

develops during pregnancy. is common in obese women. usually resolves after birth. is associated with babies at risk of being large for gestational age. All of these are true about gestational diabetes. ****

energy. protein. vitamin E.**** carbohydrate. water.

folate**** water iodine fluoride selenium

It is not necessary to increase the total fat intake during pregnancy.**** A pregnant woman needs to eat twice as much food as a non-pregnant woman. During pregnancy, the need for extra calories is greatest during the first trimester. A pregnant woman does not need to increase her intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy. All of these are true.

sodium potassium chloride water**** All of these should be increased during pregnancy.

TRUE

applesauce and apple juice raw carrots, hot dogs, and grapes**** cereals and fresh bananas cooked potatoes wheat cereal

it reduces the risk of cancer for the mother. the suckling helps with the development of facial muscles, speech development, and the correct formation of the teeth. it reduces the incidence of ear infections, respiratory illness, and asthma. it enhances the immune system of the infant. All of these are benefits of breast-feeding.****

being exposed to a teratogen being a teenager too much vitamin A being poor being over 35 years old having a history of miscarriages getting pregnant sooner than 18 months of giving birth before All of these increase risk during pregnancy.****

Prolactin, a hormone, causes let-down. Vitamin C in breast milk can come from the mother's stores. An infant should triple his/her weight by four months of age. Rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula is a good first choice for food for an infant because it is easy to digest and is not likely to cause food allergies.**** A concern unique to feeding breast milk is that it may not contain enough fat in a well-nourished mother.

false

Thiamin

fats

The need for ENERGY PROTEIN ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS WATER CARBOHYDRATE INCREASES.

TRUE

protein, iron

iron

4 cups

transferring nutrients from the placenta.

is characterized by high blood pressure. can develop into eclampsia which is life-threatening to the mother. involves the excretion of protein in the urine. can be dangerous to the fetus because it reduces blood flow to the placenta. involves fluid retention and a weight gain of several pounds in a few days in the mother.

Her blood volume increase by about 50%. The amount of body fat increases. There is an equal amount of weight gained in each trimester.****NOT The uterus enlarges. The placenta forms. The breasts develop to prepare for lactation.

one who is born before 37 weeks of gestation. at risk for being low birth weight or very low birth weight. at increased risk for illness. at increased risk for early death. Correct! All of these are true.

INCREASES

TRUE

swordfish, mackerel, and shark. excess caffeine. unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses, and uncooked hot dogs. cat feces and soil.

causes a baby to more likely develop diabetes later in life as an adult.

Many women start pregnancy with diminished iron stores. The RDA for iron during pregnancy is about 150% of that for non-pregnant women. The majority of the iron transferred from the mother to the fetus occurs in the last trimester. Meeting increased iron needs is achieved most easily through the increased consumption of whole-grain products and spinach.****FALSE

TRUE

the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy

The placenta formed from both maternal and embryonic tissues. For the majority of the pregnancy, the placenta will nourish the fetus. Correct! The placenta nourishes the embryo from fertilization onward.****FALSE The placenta secretes hormones that are necessary to sustain the pregnancy.

true

false

true

true

false

vitamin D

Lead is often found in the paint on the walls of their older homes

reduced risk of heart disease*******NOT****** Impaired physical abilities Impaired mental abilities Impaired large muscle control

The physical changes that occur with age Absence of disease******NOT****** Psychological factors Economic factors

INCREASE

Cirrhosis

assess the risk of malnutrition in older adults.

calories

the average age to which people in a population live.

replacing milk with soda all of the choices are correct**************** spending too little time outdoors being lactose intolerant eating a vegan diet

Moderate alcohol consumption lowers HDL cholesterol levels. Alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of cancer. Alcohol consumption can contribute to malnutrition.******TRUE****** Alcohol is absorbed faster on a full stomach than on an empty stomach.

Energy needs are lower in older adults than in younger adults.******TRUE******** Energy needs per kilogram of body weight increase as children grow. Total energy needs are higher in childhood than in any other time of life. Energy needs are the same for adolescent boys and girls.

Iron and calcium

reducing the time spent engaged in physical activity. all of the choices are correct**********. exposing them to new snack foods. providing an environment that encourages snacking

The physical changes that occur with age Absence of disease*******EXCEPT Psychological factors Economic factors

8-10

INCREASES HDL

5, 4