Bio Exam Ch 11

The fetus gets nourished by a) absorbing nutrients for the bloodstream of the mother (the bloodstream of the embryo mixes with the bloodstream of the mother). b) breaking down the lining of the uterus. c) transferring of nutrients from the placenta. d) none of these

Which of the following statements about the placenta is FALSE? a) The placenta formed from both maternal and embryonic tissues. b) For the majority of the pregnancy, the placenta will nourish the fetus. c) The placenta nourishes the embryo from fertilization onward. d) The placenta secretes hormones that are necessary to sustain the pregnancy.

Which of the following statements regarding weight gain during pregnancy is FALSE? (picture) a) The weight of the infant at birth accounts for about 25% of the mother's weight gain during pregnancy. b) A healthy, normal-weight woman should gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy. c) The most variable source of weight gain is in the amount of maternal fat stored. d) The mom's weight will reduce to near normal once the infant is born.

Which of the following regarding exercise during pregnancy is FALSE? a) Pregnancy can interfere with the woman's balance. b) Physical activity during pregnancy can improve digestion and prevent constipation. c) Physical activity in hot or humid environments is allowed during the entire pregnancy. d) Women who weren't active before the pregnancy should slowly add low-intensity, low- impact activities.

Based on this visual, the weight gain recommendations for women vary most during the _____ trimester. (picture) a) first b) second c) third

Morning sickness is most likely to occur during which trimester of pregnancy? a) First b) Second c) Third d) There is no trimester of pregnancy when morning sickness is more prevalent.

Pre-eclampsia can pose a health danger to the a) baby, but not the mother. b) mother, but not the baby. c) baby and the mother. d) neither the baby nor the mother

Which of the following women has a greater risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy? a) Susie, a 30 year old Caucasian mother of 2 b) Jenni, a 40 year old African American living in poverty c) Staci, a 35 year old Hispanic mother of 1 d) Mildred, a Caucasian 20 year old college student

This graph illustrates the differences between the recommended daily intake of several key nutrients and energy. Which of the following statements is true? (picture) a) The water need is equivalent to one additional cup per day. b) A simple snack of a fruit or nuts would help to achieve the increased fiber recommendation. c) Energy needs are doubled during pregnancy. d) As protein needs are greatly increased during pregnancy, amino acid supplements are often recommended.

Which of the following nutrients is/are most commonly deficient during pregnancy? a) Calcium and vitamin D b) Folate and vitamin B12 c) Iron and zinc d) All of these are commonly deficient in pregnant women.

_______ is needed for the synthesis of DNA and hence for cell division. a) Calcium b) Folate c) Vitamin D d) Zinc

_______ is essential for the regeneration of active forms of folate. a) Iron b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin D d) Zinc

Zinc absorption is inhibited by high _____ intake. a) calcium b) vitamin C c) iron d) niacin

Because the majority of cell differentiation occurs during the ____ phase, this is the time when exposure to teratogens can do the most damage. a) embryonic b) fetal c) implantation d) zygote

Based on the information presented in this visual, why is a folate deficiency most critical during the embryonic period? (picture) a) A folate deficiency is most critical during this period because vitamin B12 tends to be low during this time. b) A folate deficiency is most critical during this period because iron stores in the mother have been depleted. c) A folate deficiency is most critical due to the rapid cell division occurring during this period. d) None of these are correct reasons.

Fertility can be reduced when a) a woman has low body fat. b) a woman has too much body fat. c) women have either low body fat or too much body fat. d) body fat has no implication on fertility.

In general, the nutrient needs of a pregnant teen are ______ the nutrient needs of a nonpregnant 39- year-old woman a) greater than b) the same as c) less than

Which of the following foods is most commonly associated with mercury contamination? a) Citrus fruits b) Fish c) Nuts d) Tofu

Pregnant women should consume _______ of caffeine a day. a) 100 mg b) 200 mg c) <300 mg d) >600 mg

20) In regard to pregnancy nutrition, the term "let down" is in reference to a) changes in the anatomy of the body during 15) Based on the information presented in this visual, why is a folate deficiency most critical during the embryonic period? pregnancy. 2 b) hormonal changes that allow for fetal development. c) infant delivery. d) milk production.

Oxytocin a) causes let-down to occur. b) causes morning sickness during pregnancy. c) increases maternal weight gain during pregnancy. d) results in increased blood volume in mother during pregnancy.

To avoid dehydration and ensure adequate breast milk production, women who are breastfeeding should consume about _____cup(s) of additional fluid each day. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Folate needs are increased during lactation because it is secreted in the breastmilk. b) Vitamin B12 may be deficient in the breast milk of vegan mothers. c) Iron needs are increased during lactation as it is secreted in the breastmilk. d) Increasing calcium intake during lactation does not prevent loss of calcium from maternal bones.

This graph charts the growth rate of the infant. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the information provided in this graph? (picture) a) The infant's birth weight is much higher than the general population. b) The infant had weight gain that was much greater than expected from 15 to 18 months of age. c) The infant's birth weight is lower than the general population and has remained at this percentile into childhood. d) This infant experienced catch-up growth between 3 and 6 months of age.

Based on the information presented in this graphic, which of the following statements is FALSE? a) The total amount of energy required by a newborn is less than the amount needed by adult. b) An infant's need for calories per kilogram of body weight is greater than those needed by an adult. c) An infant's need for calories per kilogram of body weight is less than those needed by an adult. d) The total amount of energy needed by an adult is greater than that needed by an infant.

27) _______ is the nutrient that is most commonly deficient in infants who are consuming adequate energy and protein. a) Calcium b) Iron c) Vitamin D d) Zinc

The first milk that is produced by the breast, containing more immune factors than milk produced later in lactation, is called a) colostrum. b) cow's milk. c) formula. d) pica.

Which of the following statements about feeding infants is true? a) The microorganisms that cause colds are passed from the mother to infant in breast milk. b) HIV infection is passed from the mother to infant in breast milk. c) Nicotine from cigarettes is not passed from the mother to infant in breast milk. d) Breastfeeding leads to decreased bone density in the lactating mother.

The most commonly recommended first food for infants is a) iron-fortified infant rice cereal. b) iron-fortified infant multi-grain cereal. c) strained peaches. d) strained peas.

Which of the following fatty acids are essential for the development of the infant's retina and brain? a) DHA b) trans fatty acids c) ARA d) DHA and ARA