Nutrition Ch. 13

25 July 2022
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question
A low-birthweight baby is nearly 40 times more likely to die in the first year of life than is a normal-weight baby.
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T
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A low-birthweight baby is defined as one who weighs less than 5 1/2 pounds.
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T
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The two weeks following fertilization are considered to be a critical period developmentally for the zygote.
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T
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During pregnancy, the recommended carbohydrate intake is less than 175 grams per day.
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F
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Folate fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.
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T
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The DRI recommendation for calcium intake is higher for pregnant than non- pregnant women in the same age group.
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F
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The weight that pregnant women put on is nearly all fat tissue.
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F
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A sudden, large weight gain during pregnancy is always a danger signal.
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T
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For normal-weight women, the ideal pattern of weight gain during the first trimester is one pound per week.
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F
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Physical activity during pregnancy can improve fitness, facilitate labor, and reduce psychological stress.
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T
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The FDA and EPA advise pregnant women to limit seafood consumption to 3 ounces a week of a variety of safer fish and shellfish such as canned light tuna, salmon, and shrimp.
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F
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All pregnant women should be assessed for glucose tolerance during one of their prenatal examinations.
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T
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The composition of breast milk changes from early milk for the newborn to later milk to feed the older infant.
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T
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An initial goal for management of overweight and obesity in children is to encourage moderate weight loss.
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F
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Which of the following is the single most potent indicator of an infant's future health status?
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infant's birthweight
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Which of the following is the major factor in low birthweight?
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poor nutrition
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The stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until birth of an infant is called a(an):
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fetus.
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Which of the following determines whether the mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?
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the mother's prepregnancy nutrition
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All of the following statements are true concerning the placenta except:
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the fetus receives nutrients and carbon dioxide across the placenta.
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At eight weeks of development, the fetus is characterized by:
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a beating heart. a fully formed digestive system.
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Early malnutrition in the mother affects the baby's:
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heart. brain.
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During the second trimester of pregnancy, a daily increase of _____ calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women is recommended.
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340
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A pregnant woman needs about _____ grams of protein per day above prepregnancy needs.
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25
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All pregnant women need generous amounts of _____ to spare their protein and to provide energy.
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carbohydrate
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The pregnant woman's greater need for folate is due to:
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the great increase in her blood volume. the rapid growth of the fetus.
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Which of the following nutrients is related to the prevention of neural tube defects?
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folate
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All of the following are recommended for vegetarian women who are pregnant except:
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high-protein supplements.
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To obtain the folate that can reduce the risk of neural tube defects, a woman who is capable of becoming pregnant should:
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eat folate-fortified foods. eat folate-rich foods.
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Fortified food sources of folate include all of the following except:
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orange juice.
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Which of the following does not contain vitamin B12?
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legumes
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Which of the following is among the minerals that are in great demand during pregnancy because they are involved in building the skeleton?
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phosphorus magnesium
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A pregnant woman should strive to meet her DRI for _____ by increasing intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other foods rich in this mineral, or by taking a 600 mg supplement daily.
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calcium
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Which of the following statements is(are) true concerning iron during pregnancy?
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The body conserves iron even more than usual. Iron supplements are needed.
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A pregnancy weight gain of _____ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights.
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25-35
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The ideal pattern of weight gain for a healthy-weight woman is thought to be about _____ pounds total during the first three months of pregnancy.
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3 1/2
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A pregnant teenager with a body mass index in the normal range is encouraged to gain _____ pounds or so.
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35
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A woman who craves nonnutritious substances during pregnancy:
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may have a nutrient-poor diet. is experiencing pica.
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The nausea of morning sickness:
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arises from hormonal changes of early pregnancy. can often be alleviated.
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Constipation during pregnancy should be relieved by:
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a high-fiber diet. plentiful water intake.
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To prevent heartburn during pregnancy you would recommend:
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relaxing and eating slowly. avoiding greasy and spicy foods.
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Which of the following should be avoided during pregnancy?
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alcohol dieting
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Prenatal exposure to alcohol can result in which of the following fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in children?
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mood disorders and problem behaviors diagnosed in preschool years
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Alcohol consumption by women during pregnancy can result in all of the following except:
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blindness in infants.
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Risk factors for gestational diabetes include all of the following except:
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low BMI before pregnancy.
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Women who have uncontrolled high blood glucose levels during pregnancy may experience complications such as:
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preterm labor.
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Which of the following is not one of the key elements to help identify women with preeclampsia?
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convulsions
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A nursing mother produces about _____ ounces of milk a day.
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25
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The effect of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation is to:
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reduce the quantity of milk.
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Characteristics of breast milk include that:
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its sodium content is low. its protein is largely alpha-lactalbumin.
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If the water supply is severely deficient in _____, both breastfed and formula-fed infants require supplementation after six months of age.
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fluoride
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Most babies are born with enough _____ to last about half a year.
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iron
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It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about _____ months.
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six
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Which of the following is characteristic of colostrum?
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it contains antibodies from the mother's blood it contains white cells from the mother's blood
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The addition of foods to a baby's diet should be governed by all of the following considerations except:
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how often the baby cries.
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Kathy has given birth to a small, low-birthweight infant. Which of the following most likely made the greatest contribution to this situation?
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poor nutrition
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An obese woman is trying to get pregnant with her first baby. What recommendation would you give her?
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she should try to achieve a healthy pre-pregnancy weight first
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Which woman is at risk of not developing a healthy placenta?
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a woman with anorexia nervosa who is restricting her food intake
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What effect does malnutrition during critical times of development in pregnancy have on the fetus?
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impairment of the development of an organ is irreversible
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Cindy experienced malnutrition late in her pregnancy. Which of the following organs of the infant will most likely be affected?
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lungs
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A nonpregnant woman requires 1600 calories per day to maintain her desirable body weight. How many calories per day would she need if she were in the third trimester of pregnancy?
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2050
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A nonpregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day. How many grams per day would she need if she became pregnant?
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71
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Susie is a pregnant vegetarian who does not consume meat, fish, poultry, or animal products such as dairy foods or eggs. Susie would be at risk for developing a deficiency of:
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vitamin B12.
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Should all pregnant women take prenatal supplements of vitamins and minerals?
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yes, because they contain the increased nutrient values needed during pregnancy
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A 17-year-old girl still in high school has just become pregnant. What advice should she be given about her nutrient intake during pregnancy?
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she needs to take a prenatal vitamin supplement to be certain she is getting enough folate
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Nancy weighs 124 pounds and is at an appropriate weight for her height. How much should Nancy weigh at the end of her pregnancy?
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149 - 159 pounds
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You are counseling a pregnant woman who is experiencing "morning sickness." To alleviate this condition you tell her to:
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sip a carbonated beverage before getting out of bed. nibble on a soda cracker before getting out of bed.
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A woman who has just become pregnant is used to drinking 2 pots of coffee a day. What adjustments should she make in her caffeine consumption?
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she should limit coffee consumption to one coffee cup a day
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What should a woman who drinks a daily glass of wine with her dinner consider when she becomes pregnant?
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even a small amount of alcohol during a critical growth period can be damaging
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The development of fetal alcohol syndrome in infants is related to alcohol intake by a woman during her pregnancy. How does this syndrome affect the infant?
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the most severe impact happens during the first two months of pregnancy
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A woman has gained 30 pounds in her first two months of pregnancy and has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. What should she know about her health risks from this condition?
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this condition usually goes away after the baby is born
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If a woman develops preeclampsia during her pregnancy she will most likely have to be concerned about which of the following?
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most women will lose their symptoms within two days after delivery
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What are the risks of hypertension during pregnancy?
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both types increase the chance of heart attack and stroke
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A woman who is breastfeeding is not able to eat enough food for two weeks because of a lack of money. What effect will it have on her breast milk?
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the quantity of milk will decrease but it will still have nutritional adequacy
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Beverly consumed 1500 calories daily before she became pregnant. Approximately how many calories per day should she consume during lactation?
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1830
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An advantage for the mother of breastfeeding her infant would be:
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conserving her iron stores for several months.
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When compared to formula, breast milk offers the following protection against infections and allergies:
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breast milk contains antibodies against diarrhea caused by a rotavirus.
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A three-month-old baby girl who weighs 9 pounds needs how many calories each day?
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405
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A 5-month-old infant's nutrient intake should include:
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twice as much calcium as adults need on the basis of body weight.
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When may the use of commercial formula for feeding an infant be appropriate?
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when a premature infant has special medical needs
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Billy is a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following foods should Billy consume?
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pureed vegetables
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Which of the following should be introduced first when feeding a baby?
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rice cereal
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If you want to make your own baby foods at home it is best to:
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puree a small amount of cooked food before seasonings have been added.
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To ensure that a 7-month-old infant receives adequate fat to provide essential fatty acids in his diet, he needs to have _____ calories from fat for 675 calories he is eating daily.
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270
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An estimated 85% of children with type 2 diabetes are:
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obese.
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An adolescent has a total cholesterol level of 180 mg/dL and an LDL of 115 mg/dL. This individual's disease risk would be classified as:
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borderline.
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Is a 10-year-old girl who has become very overweight during the past two years at risk for developing chronic diseases?
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she is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes because of weight gain
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An initial goal for obese children is to:
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hold weight steady while they grow taller. slow their rate of gain.
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What recommendation is most appropriate to help a 6-year-old obese boy to improve his health?
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he should carry a refillable water bottle with him to drink instead of soft drinks
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Which of the following would be the most appropriate family involvement with a child who is overweight?
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encourage family outdoor activities together
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Which of the following is (are) appropriate for children who are found to have high blood lipids?
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reduction in saturated fat and trans fat age-appropriate intake of calories
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Authorities recommend limiting sweetened soft drinks and punches in children's diets for fear that overconsumption may promote:
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obesity. excess calorie intake.
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All of the following are recommendations for children from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans except:
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children and adolescents should do 60 minutes of physical activity 3 days a week.