Chapter 1 (Part 02) | Mid-Term 1301

Alarmed by the destructiveness of the conquistadores, the Spanish crown replaced them with a more stable system of government headed by: a. lawyers and bureaucrats. b. bishops of the Catholic Church. c. landed wealthy elite. d. elected local officials. e. entrepreneurs.

Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America? a. African-American slaves performed most of the labor. b. The main crops were vastly different than they had been before Spain's arrival. c. Spain introduced wheat as a crop. d. Indian slaves did the work on small-scale farms. e. Catholic priests were forbidden to be involved in farming.

Which one of the following is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World? a. Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor. b. From the beginning, they arrived as families. c. They were all at the bottom of the social hierarchy. d. They soon outnumbered Native Americans. e. Only the residents of the Malaga province migrated.

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true? a. Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African. b. Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions. c. Spaniards outnumbered the Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement. d. The Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America. e. Spanish America was very rural and had few urban centers.

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT: a. believing that their culture was superior to that of the Indians. b. violence. c. a missionary zeal. d. a decree from the Pope. e. defeating the English fleet in 1588.

In 1517, the German priest _______________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption. a. Martin Buber b. Ulrich Zwingli c. Martin Luther d. Reinhold Niebuhr e. Johannes Gutenberg

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans? a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization. b. Pope Alexander VI had approved Spanish slavery but banned slavery in Portuguese holdings in the New World. c. The writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas explained that the Bible approved slavery and that therefore it was acceptable. d. If England and France were to be defeated in the quest for empire, Spain needed to take a step they had avoided, imposing slavery upon the native population. e. The Spanish actually never enslaved Native Americans; the charge that they did was simply part of the "Black Legend" spread by the English and other enemies.

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas: a. Spain needed to institute a more humane system of Native American slavery in order to avoid offending Pope Paul III. b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World. c. despite his opposition to slavery, he needed to keep his slaves so that he would have time to devote to working for abolition and emancipation. d. slavery needed to be eliminated entirely from the earth. e. converting Native Americans to anything but Catholicism would lead to their death.

The New Laws of 1542: a. led Protestant Europeans to create the "Black Legend" about Spanish rule in the Americas. b. introduced the encomienda system. c. were adopted at the urging of Gonzalo Pizzaro, brother of Peru's conqueror. d. commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions. e. forbade the enslavement of Africans in New Spain.

Which one of the following lists the events in proper chronological order, from first to last? a. Pueblo Revolt, the Dutch settle Manhattan, Quebec founded, Spain adopts New Laws b. Spain adopts New Laws, Pueblo Revolt, Quebec founded, the Dutch settle Manhattan c. Quebec founded, the Dutch settle Manhattan, Pueblo Revolt, Spain adopts New Laws d. Dutch settle Manhattan, Spain adopts New Laws, Pueblo Revolt, Quebec founded e. Spain adopts New Laws, Quebec founded, the Dutch settle Manhattan, Pueblo Revolt

The Black Legend described: a. the Aztecs' view of Cortés. b. English pirates along the African coast. c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer. d. Portugal as a vast trading empire. e. Indians as savages.

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s: a. officially designated Indians in New Spain as slaves of European colonists. b. recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor. c. gave voting rights in local assemblies to mestizos but not to peninsulares. d. required all Indians to convert to Catholicism or face execution. e. set up a system of local courts of law that proved essential to Spanish rule in Peru.

Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians: a. could be enslaved because they lacked true religion. b. were more akin to beasts than humans. c. should overthrow their cruel Spanish masters and reestablish the Inca and Aztec empires. d. were treated well by the Spanish. e. should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain.

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, _____________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains. a. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado b. Hernando deSoto c. Jacques Marquette d. Juan Ponce de León e. Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World? a. Individual conquistadores always traveled alone. b. Members of the Spanish parties suffered greatly from disease. c. Florida was the first region in the present-day United States that Spain colonized. d. Spain sought to forestall Portuguese incursions into the New World. e. Spain's explorations had no impact on the size of the Native American population.

The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because: a. Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity. b. English colonists from Virginia were attacking Spanish settlements. c. they sought to prevent the escape of African slaves to English colonies located north and east of the Savannah River. d. the discovery of gold mines in central Florida meant that other powers were likely to encroach on Spanish territories. e. they needed to protect St. Augustine, which became capital of New Spain in 1542.

Spanish Florida: a. attracted large numbers of settlers. b. became a British colony in 1607. c. was little more than an isolated military settlement. d. was the site of Juan Oñate's attack on the inhabitants of Acoma. e. attracted mostly elderly Spaniards.

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was: a. Tucson. b. Albuquerque. c. El Paso. d. San Diego. e. Santa Fe.

Acoma was an Indian city in present-day ____________ that the Spanish destroyed. a. New Mexico b. Florida c. Cuba d. California e. Puerto Rico

Which statement about the Pueblo Revolt is FALSE? a. It resulted in a wholesale expulsion of the Spanish settlers. b. It arose in part from missionaries burning Indian religious artifacts. c. It resulted in a total renunciation of Catholicism by the Indians. d. It was successful because the Pueblo peoples cooperated with each other. e. It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place.

The first French explorations of the New World: a. brought great riches to France. b. were intended to locate the Northwest Passage. c. led to successful colonies in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. d. were in response to an intense rivalry with the Netherlands. e. created no permanent settlements until the eighteenth century.

The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680: a. followed their leader Popé's arrest for engaging in sexual relations with a non-Native American woman. b. helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans. c. was based entirely on economic factors. d. was the work of one Native American tribe. e. began a long tradition of cooperation between New Mexico's tribes.

New France was characterized by: a. severe conflict between French settlers and the Indians. b. a well-defined line between Indian society and French society. c. more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain. d. a Protestant missionary zeal to convert the Indians. e. its lack of devastating epidemics.

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded: a. Montreal. b. New York. c. Champlain. d. Quebec. e. Albany.

French Canada: a. was a very democratic colony. b. was founded by Jesuit priests who were working as fur traders as a way to meet and convert Native Americans. c. consisted mainly of male colonists. d. had, by 1700, twice as many colonists as all the English North American colonies combined. e. gave the French a world monopoly on fur production.

Which one of the following was true of New France? a. It was the subject of a great deal of favorable publicity throughout Europe. b. Its commitment to religious toleration was a source of great embarrassment for less tolerant powers like England and Spain. c. Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power. d. The only women allowed to reside there were nuns, a reflection of the French commitment to spreading Catholicism. e. Seigneuries were the only democratic areas in the colony.

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans? a. It didn't; Native Americans were already hunting beaver and buffalo for their skins. b. Native Americans benefited economically but were able to avoid getting caught in European conflicts and rivalries. c. The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society. d. The English and French quests for beaver pelts virtually destroyed the Native American population. e. It forced Native Americans to learn new trapping techniques that were far superior to their old ways.

The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in: a. New Netherland. b. Brazil. c. England. d. New France. e. Cuba.

As early as 1615, the _________ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism. a. Pequot b. Lenni Lenape c. Iroquois d. Cherokee e. Huron

Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans? a. The French appropriated significant amounts of land for fur trading. b. The French were proud that they were considered tougher on Indians than their English and Spanish counterparts. c. The French sent nuns to try to Christianize the natives, because they understood that gender relations were different among Native Americans than they were among whites. d. Native Americans resented that the French had no need for their help in the fur trade. e. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries.

Henry Hudson: a. set sail into the bay that bears his name as a representative of the British empire. b. was searching for the Pacific Coast. c. hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia. d. set up a Dutch colony based on the idea of consent of the governed. e. was the architect of the Dutch overseas empire.

What European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain? a. Amsterdam b. Geneva c. Marseilles d. London e. Brussels

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century? a. France b. The Netherlands c. Britain d. Spain e. Portugal

How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty? a. They supported freedom of religion in their colony. b. Their colony was the first in the Americas to have a bill of rights. c. They allowed freedom of speech. d. They issued the Edict of New Netherland, declaring the Puritans to be heathens because they refused to allow religious freedom. e. They gave men ownership of their wives, which gave married men the property ownership and independence they needed to participate in political activities.

Which statement about New Netherland is FALSE? a. Some slaves possessed half-freedom. b. No elected assembly was established. c. The Dutch enjoyed good commercial and diplomatic relations with the Five Iroquois Nations. d. Women had many liberties, but could not retain their legal identity after marriage. e. Religious toleration was extended to Catholics and Jews.

Which one of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland? a. The colony's elected assembly enjoyed greater rights of self government than any English colonial legislative body. b. The Dutch commitment to liberty prompted the colony to ban slavery there. c. Religious intolerance lead the Dutch to ban all Jewish peoples from the colony. d. Of all of the colonies in the New World, New Netherland required the longest period of service from indentured servants. e. Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

What does the seal of New Netherland, adopted by the Dutch West India Company in 1630, suggest is central to the colony's economic prospects? a. Tobacco b. Fish c. Silver d. Timber e. Fur

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch: a. sought to imitate the Spanish. b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion. c. tried to drive Native Americans into the Puritan colony. d. avoided warfare at all costs. e. called them members of a deceitful race.

Patroonship in New Netherland: a. was a great success, bringing thousands of new settlers to the colony. b. meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor. c. was like a system of medieval lords. d. led to one democratic manor led by Kiliaen van Rensselaer. e. involved joint Dutch and Indian control of farmland.