Chapter 1

A _____ is a sensory input from the environment.

Psychology was initially focused on _____ and analyzing the subjective feelings and thoughts of a person's experiences

The establishment of the first psychology laboratory by _____ launched the beginning of psychology as an independent field of study.

By asking people to pay attention to and record their feelings and perceptions of an event, Wilhelm Wundt used the method of _____ to analyze the basic elements of the mind

Emotions are complex in nature. Some philosophers have argued that emotions have evolved to help species adapt to their environment. This view of emotions is BEST illustrated by what approach?

William James's functional approach to psychology was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of:

Freud's study of patients with hysteria was MOST useful for understanding:

The _____ was theorized by Sigmund Freud as having the ability to influence people's thoughts, feelings, and actions without their awareness.

Lawrence believes that all people have high aspirations and can reach their full potential. Lawrence's beliefs are MOST closely aligned with _____ psychology.

The _____ approach to psychotherapy has a much more positive view of human nature than the _____ view.

_____ stresses the importance of studying observable behaviors and generally ignores the mental processes involved in different tasks.

In Pavlov's classic experiment, the sound of a tone was the _____ that produced a(n) _____ of salivating in dogs, even in the absence of food.

Fred and Yvonne notice that their ten-year-old daughter is beginning to use sexually explicit profanity. The parents think that their daughter's friends might be rewarding her swearing with attention and laughter. Their thinking reflects a _____ perspective.

B. F. Skinner's ideas were controversial due to his denial of:

_____ is the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.

What did Donald Broadbent's studies on pilots reveal about attention?

Why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology?

Noam Chomsky's rebuttal of B. F. Skinner's ideas on _____ helped to bring cognitive psychology to the forefront.

By utilizing brain scanning, cognitive neuroscientists can:

Jon is a psychologist interested in figuring out where learning takes place in the brain. He would probably describe himself as a:

Historical events such as Nazism and the Holocaust helped to shape which subdiscipline of psychology?

To better understand the Nazi atrocities that occurred during the Holocaust, social psychologists began to study:

The American Psychological Association was formed:

The first member of a minority group to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was:

Psychology is the scientific study of:

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Behavior refers to:

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

The case of Elliot, as documented by Damasio (1994), suggests that:

Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience, an idea now known as:

A spiritual leader believes that the soul and the body are fundamentally different from each other, but are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to those of:

The problem of dualism refers to how:

The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:

Hermann von Helmholtz is most remembered for:

Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing the basic elements comprising consciousness, an approach he called:

A participant seated in an otherwise dark room stares at the flickering of a lit candle and reports on her subjective experiences, such as the visual experience of the candle flickering and the hepatic sensation of warmth. The psychologist conducting this experiment is most likely to be _____, and the method being used is _____.

William James viewed consciousness as similar to:

William James was a noted:

Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?

The functionalist approach was MOST influenced by the theory of:

The theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors is called:

Carrie is working with a patient to uncover the patient's early experiences as well as trying to bring unconscious anxieties and conflicts into awareness. Carrie is using which approach to work with her patient?

Psychoanalysis focuses on:

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:

The term "patient" is to psychoanalysis as the term "client" is to:

An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is called:

"You don't know what she thinks, but you know how she acts." This statement characterizes which approach?

In Pavlov's research, dogs' salivation is an example of a:

If you are having trouble finding your cat, you may try shaking the can that contains its treats. The sound of the treats as you shake the can would be a:

Response is to stimulus as the:

When you go to a movie theater that uses film projection, you might see the fast movement of a superhero flying through the air. What you are really seeing is a series of still photographs flashed quickly onto the screen. What area of psychology studied this phenomenon?

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

A teacher praises a student for asking a good question. Which psychologist would state that the effect of praise on subsequent behavior depended on the student's subjective experience of it?

Psychologist Kurt Lewin believed that stimulus-response psychology was too simplistic to predict human behavior. In his theories, he inserted which terms between stimulus and response?

In the early 1940s, the pressing need of the _____ for more research on attention, memory, and decision making was an early impetus behind the movement away from behaviorism.

By studying pilots, Donald Broadbent investigated the:

George Miller discovered that we can briefly hold in memory only about _____ (give or take two) pieces of information at any given time.

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area. Jamie will have problems:

Which early neuropsychologist trained rats to run mazes, surgically removed parts of their brains, and then measured how well they could run the maze again?

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Kayla doesn't know it yet, but she has just contracted a stomach virus from her roommate, Beverly. Kayla puts on a new dress and goes on a first date with Jermaine, where they eat oysters. Later that night, Kayla becomes violently ill. Kayla is most likely to associate the sickness with:

How might an evolutionary psychologist explain the fact that people tend to enjoy high-fat foods?

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality is called:

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology?

In which year did the first non-White person become president of the American Psychological Association?

Cliff's therapist prescribes Xanax to treat his anxiety. Cliff's therapist is probably a:

Gary, a 16-year-old, is suffering from severe depression. Of these professionals, Gary should receive treatment from a:

Jeff thinks it would be beneficial for his employees to attend a seminar on how to become more productive at work. Which type of psychologist would conduct this seminar?

In an article entitled "Mapping the Backbone of Science," Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) characterized psychology as a(n) _____ science.

In an article entitled "Mapping the Backbone of Science," Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) identified how many hub sciences?