chapter 1 example #46937

study of human development is conducted in a scientific manner because: A. researchers can develop objective opinions. B. scientists want to move from opinion to proof. C. people usually disagree on how children should be raised. D. researchers want to move from the objective to the subjective.

Empirical evidence is based on: A. theories. B. observations. C. inferences. D. opinions.

Replication is important in scientific research because it: A. satisfies curiosity. B. develops a hypothesis. C. verifies evidence using different participants. D. frequently refutes prior studies.

Dr. Towne believes that heredity is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that environmental influences are primarily responsible for personality traits. They are on different sides of the _____ debate. A. nature versus nurture B. intelligent design versus evolution C. genes versus development D. traits versus conditioning

Susan Beal hypothesized that _____ played a role in SIDS deaths. A. birth order B. ethnicity C. sleeping position D. parents' genes

Which example best illustrates a critical period? A. a child learning to walk B. a child learning a second language before age 4 C. a fetus developing fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days in utero D. a child learning to ride a bike between 5 and 6 years of age

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, the _____ refers to the interactions among systems A. macrosystem B. exosystem C. microsystem D. mesosystem

Dorothy was born during the Great Depression. Knowing this fact allows one to know about her: A. chronosystem. B. exosystem. C. microsystem. D. macrosystem.

Bronfenbrenner's model, a hospital in the community is an example of which system? A. the ecosystem B. the microsystem C. the health-care system D. the exosystem

in Bronfenbrenner's model, family and peers are part of a person's: A. microsystem. B. exosystem. C. macrosystem. D. social system.

Bettie belongs to one cohort; Zahara belongs to another. The only DEFINITE difference between these two women is: A. membership in community groups. B. socioeconomic status. C. generation. D. ethnic or racial group.

Jameel has a college degree, lives in a nice neighborhood, and earns more than $50,000 a year. This information defines his: A. economic potential. B. socioeconomic status. C. cohort. D. microsystem.

An example of the "difference-equals-deficit" is: A. assuming that children who are deaf cannot communicate as well as children who can hear. B. failing to compare typical and atypical behavior. C. ignoring inconsistencies in a child's language development. D. the identification of flaws within the application of the scientific method.

The realization that genes alone do not determine development and that environmental forces also shape development led to the concept that many human characteristics are: A. plastic. B. epigenetic. C. static. D. diverse.

The idea that human development is an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the body, mind, and every aspect of the environment is known as the: A. dynamic-systems approach. B. theory of evolution C. concept of universality. D. domino effect.

Unlike Freud, Erikson: A. only described development in childhood. B. believed that adult problems reflect childhood conflicts. C. emphasized family and culture in his stages. D. was a psychoanalytic psychologist.

Any consequence that follows a behavior and makes the person likely to repeat that behavior is called a(n): A. punishment. B. condition. C. reinforcement. D. observation.

According to Piaget, when new experiences are interpreted to fit into old ideas it is called: A. learning. B. assimilation. C. equilibrium. D. accommodation.

According to evolutionary theory, why are so many people afraid of spiders? A. The fear is based on people's daily experiences. B. The fear is genetically programmed. C. The fear is learned from watching other people act afraid of spiders. D. The fear helped humans to survive when they lived outside.

When a researcher wants to determine the cause of a particular behavior, the appropriate research method to use is a(n): A. case study. B. scientific observation. C. experiment. D. survey.

What is an independent variable? A. It is the measured variable that may change depending upon manipulation of an independent variable. B. It is any unmeasured variable that is uncontrolled within the context of the experiment. C. It is the variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher. D. It is an external variable that cannot be controlled by the researcher.

An example of a dependent variable in an experiment might be: A. gender. B. blood type. C. eye color. D. level of depression.

What is one of the biggest drawbacks to the survey method? A. lack of accuracy B. too costly to do C. participants quitting the study D. too time consuming to do

An example of a behavior by a researcher that would be considered unethical is: A. halting the study if harm is suspected. B. changing the data to support the hypothesis. C. obtaining informed consent. D. maintaining confidentiality.

Researchers have an ethical obligation to choose topics of study that: A. may be researched quickly. B. may be researched inexpensively. C. are of major importance to society. D. are politically correct.