Chapter 01

How does taxonomy assist biologists? A) by providing easily remembered scientific names for organisms B) by categorizing diverse items into smaller and smaller numbers of groups C) by reducing life to its smallest common denominator, the cell D) all of the above

Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells? A) Bacteria only B) Eukarya only C) Archaea and Eukarya D) Bacteria and Archaea

In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture? A) by helping us understand the relevance of evolution to human health B) by revealing how mutations in genes can lead to disease C) by providing new tools for forensic investigations D) all of the above

What is biology? A) the scientific study of life B) the scientific study of the environment C) the scientific study of DNA D) the scientific study of ecosystems

Which of the following is NOT a property of life? A) Populations of organisms rarely change over time. B) Living things exhibit complex but ordered organization. C) Organisms take in energy and use it to perform all of life's activities. D) Organisms reproduce their own kind.

What are the two main processes upon which ecosystems depend? A) speciation and evolution B) nutrient recycling and energy flow C) decomposition and nutrient recycling D) sunlight and photosynthesis

Which of the following is NOT recycled but is lost from ecosystems? A) nitrogen B) energy C) magnesium D) carbon

Which of the following is a producer? A) oak tree B) earthworm C) sun D) cat

Humans are ________. A) producers B) producers and consumers C) consumers D) producers and decomposers

Which of the following structures can perform all the activities required for life? A) DNA molecules B) cells C) organelles D) nuclei

Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ________. A) larger and more complex B) smaller and simpler C) larger and equally complex D) smaller and more complex

Humans are composed of ________ cells. A) bacterial B) eukaryotic C) plant D) prokaryotic

What name is given to the functional compartments of a cell? A) genomes B) nuclei C) genes D) organelles

The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found within the ________. A) archaea B) nucleus C) prokaryotic cell D) insulin

What are eukaryotic genes composed of? A) RNA B) organelles C) RNA and DNA D) DNA

What is a gene? A) a type of eukaryotic cell B) an organelle that houses DNA C) a type of prokaryotic cell D) a unit of inheritance

The human genome consists of about ________ chemical letters. A) 300,000 B) 1 million C) 3 billion D) 300 billion

More than half of all known species are ________. A) plants B) insects C) bacteria D) vertebrates

Taxonomy is the ________. A) study of cells B) naming and classifying of species C) study of organisms and their interaction with the environment D) study of genes

Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells? A) Bacteria only B) Eukarya only C) Archaea and Eukarya D) Bacteria and Archaea

Which kingdom of Eukarya consists primarily of unicellular organisms? A) Plantae B) Bacteria C) Fungi D) Protista

Members of the kingdom Plantae differ from members of the other kingdoms of Eukarya in that most members of the kingdom Plantae ________. A) are decomposers B) are unicellular C) are consumers D) produce their own food

The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and the unity of life is ________. A) evolution B) microbiology C) taxonomy D) genetics

Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin? A) energy flow B) ecosystem structure C) the three domains of life D) natural selection

Which of these is required for natural selection to occur? A) inheritance B) unequal reproductive success C) individual variation D) all of the above

What does "adaptation" mean in an evolutionary context? A) the way an individual's body adjusts to its environment B) the accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time C) the ability of organisms to alter their appearance under changing environmental conditions D) all of the above

What accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs? A) overproduction B) natural selection C) competition D) artificial selection

Over a span of two decades, scientists measured changes in the beak size of a population of Galápagos ground finches. This ________. A) provided evidence of natural selection in action B) is an example of artificial selection C) is an example of overproduction D) led Darwin to his theory of evolution through natural selection

29) Science is ________. A) the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature B) the search for truth C) an organized set of principles for how to behave ethically and morally D) all of the above

What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis-driven science? A) Discovery science "discovers" new knowledge, whereas hypothesis-driven science does not. B) Discovery science is based on deductive reasoning, whereas hypothesis-driven science is based on inductive reasoning. C) Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries to explain nature. D) Discovery science involves predictions about outcomes, whereas hypothesis-driven science involves tentative answers to specific questions.

Which of these statements is CORRECT? A) Scientific ideas are subjected to repeated testing. B) Science can be used to prove or disprove the idea that deities or spirits cause earthquakes and other natural disasters. C) Science does not require observations that other people can confirm. D) Only discovery science can lead to important conclusions about nature.

Discovery science is primarily based on ________. A) hypothesis testing B) deduction C) experimentation D) observation

Which of these would be a valid scientific hypothesis? A) Human history is determined by a series of supernatural events. B) Humans should help in the conservation of other animal species. C) Humans are controlled by forces beyond our understanding. D) Humans and bacteria share a common genetic code.

A hypothesis is a(n) ________. A) tentative answer to a question B) guess C) observation D) theory

You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a hypothesis? A) My car's battery is dead. B) If I recharge the battery, then my car will start. C) My car is too old to function properly. D) What is wrong with my car?

You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a prediction? A) My car's battery is dead. B) If I recharge the battery, then my car will start. C) My car is too old to function properly. D) What is wrong with my car?

Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method? A) experiment, conclusion, application B) question, observation, experiment, analysis, prediction C) observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion D) observation, question, opinion, conclusion, hypothesis

How do hypotheses differ from theories? A) Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses. B) Theories must be testable; hypotheses do not need to be testable. C) Hypotheses are educated guesses, and theories are tentative explanations. D) Hypotheses are derived from experimentation, whereas theories are derived from observation.

Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria when ________. A) the presence of antibiotics favors bacteria that already have genes for resistance B) farmers do not use enough antibiotics in animal feed C) the antibiotics create resistance genes in bacteria D) none of the above

Regulation in biological systems depends on feedback, which is an example of information flow. When diabetes destroys insulin-producing cells, what information flow is disrupted? A) The body is unable to send signals that indicate the amount of sugar in the blood. B) Cells in the bladder are no longer able to send signals when the bladder fills. C) The pancreas is unable to produce enzymes to break down proteins. D) Appetite signals no longer regulate feeding.