CH 26

25 July 2022
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53 test answers

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question
All of the following are wastes removed by the kidneys EXCEPT Entry field with correct answer urea. bilirubin. creatinine. drugs. water.
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Water
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Which is NOT a function of the kidneys? Entry field with correct answer regulation of blood pressure production of hormones regulation of blood glucose level regulating blood osmolarity all of these choices are functions of the kidneys
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all of these choices are functions of the kidneys
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The kidneys lie within the peritoneal membrane. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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A nephron includes a 1. renal corpuscle. 2. renal tubule. 3. renal capsule. Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 are correct 1, 2, and 3 are correct
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1 and 2 are correct
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Juxtamedullary nephrons Entry field with correct answer make up about 80-85% of the nephrons within the kidney. allows excretion of very dilute or concentrated urine. have renal corpuscles located in the outer portion of the renal cortex. have very short nephron loops. have very thick descending nephron loops.
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allows excretion of very dilute or concentrated urine.
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Which of the following correctly Lists the connective tissues surrounding the kidneys STARTING WITH THE MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER? Entry field with incorrect answer renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia adipose capsule, renal fascia, renal capsule renal fascia, renal capsule, adipose capsule renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule renal capsule, renal fascia, adipose capsule
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renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
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The renal ______ is part of the renal parenchyma. Entry field with correct answer cortex pelvis sinus hilum capsule
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cortex
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Which of the following correctly traces the flow of blood through the kidney after entry through the renal arteries and prior to entry into the peritubular capillaries? Entry field with correct answer segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, segmental arteries
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segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
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Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries IMMEDIATELY enters the Entry field with correct answer glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct glomerular capsule loop of Henle
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glomerular capsule
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Which correctly associates structure with tissue type? Entry field with correct answer PCT: simple cuboidal epithelium consisting of principle cells and intercalated cells descending limb and thin ascending limb of nephron loop: simple squamous epithelial cells thick ascending limb of nephron loop: simple cuboidal epithelial cells with prominent brush borders of microvilli DCT: simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells collecting duct: stratified cuboidal epithelial cells
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descending limb and thin ascending limb of nephron loop: simple squamous epithelial cells
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If the urinary excretion rate of a drug such as penicillin is greater than the rate at which it is filtered at the glomerulus, how else is it getting into the urine? Entry field with correct answer movement through intercellular clefts in the glomerular capillaries active transport blood colloid osmotic pressure tubular reabsorption tubular secretion
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tubular secretion
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The glomerular filtrate contains a lower concentration of____ than does blood plasma. Entry field with correct answer albumin glucose water sodium urea
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albumin
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Filtration through the glomerular capillaries is much greater than that seen in capillaries elsewhere in the body because the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus is smaller than the efferent arteriole. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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Which of the following equations is CORRECT? Entry field with correct answer NFP = GBHP + CHP - BCOP NFP = GBHP - CHP + BCOP NFP = GBHP + CHP + BCOP NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP NFP = GBHP - BCOP
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NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP
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Glomerular filtration rate is decreased by all of the following EXCEPT Entry field with incorrect answer increased production of angiotensin II. increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. increased stretching of of smooth muscle fibers in afferent arterioles. increased activity of renal sympathetic nerves.
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increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide.
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Which does NOT promote filtration of large volumes of fluid? Entry field with correct answer large surface area presented by glomerular capillaries thin and porous filtration membrane high capsular hydrostatic pressure high capillary blood pressure relaxation of mesangial cells
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high capsular hydrostatic pressure
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Both a myogeneic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback are part of renal autoregulation. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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Which INCREASES GFR? Entry field with correct answer narrowing the lumen of the afferent arterioles. action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on mesangial cells. increased release of renin. decreased release of nitric oxide by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. production of angiotensin II.
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action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on mesangial cells.
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Which is NOT True about podocytes? Entry field with correct answer their pedicels form filtration slits they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule they are modified simple squamous epithelial cells all of these choices statements about podocytes are true
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they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule
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The macula densa Entry field with correct answer consists of modified columnar epithelial cells that contact the afferent arteriole consists of modified smooth muscle cells consists of contractile cells that can increase the surface area of the glomerular capillaries secretes the enzyme renin is the target for aldosterone
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consists of modified columnar epithelial cells that contact the afferent arteriole
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The blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is higher than the blood pressure in typical systemic capillaries. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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Sodium ions may be reabsorbed through Entry field with correct answer sodium-glucose symporters in the proximal convoluted tubules. sodium-hydrogen ion antiporters in the loop of Henle. sodium-glucose symporters in the distal convoluted tubule. sodium-hydrogen ion antiporters in the late distal convoluted tubule. sodium-chloride symporters in the collecting duct.
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sodium-glucose symporters in the proximal convoluted tubules.
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For every two hydrogen ions secreted into the proximal convoluted tubule, one bicarbonate and one sodium ion is reabsorbed. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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Which of the following hormones increases reabsorption of sodium in the kidney? 1. angiotensin II 2. aldosterone 3. atrial natriuretic peptide Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 are correct 1, 2, and 3 are correct
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1 and 2 are correct
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Tubular reabsorption allows some performance enhancing drugs or illegal drugs to pass from the blood into the urine. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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Which of the following statements is FALSE? Entry field with incorrect answer Glycosuria occurs when the concentration of glucose in the glomerular filtrate is lower than its transport maximum. Obligatory water reabsorption refers to water reabsorbed with solutes in tubular fluid. Facultative water reabsorption is regulated by ADH. Secondary active transport moves one ion with its electrochemical gradient while moving a second substance against its electrochemical gradient. Sodium and glucose are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule via a symporter.
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Glycosuria occurs when the concentration of glucose in the glomerular filtrate is lower than its transport maximum.
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Most (90-95%) water and solute reabsorption occurs before the fluid reaches the collecting ducts. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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Which hormone does NOT influence ion or water reabsorption in the kidneys? Entry field with correct answer parathyroid hormone erythropoietin aldosterone atrial natriuretic peptide angiotensin II
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erythropoietin
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Concentrated urine is formed in part because of the action of symporters which actively reabsorb ions from the fluid in the Entry field with correct answer glomerulus. proximal convoluted tubules. descending limb of the nephron loop. thick segment of the ascending nephron loop. collecting ducts.
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thick segment of the ascending nephron loop.
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Countercurrent exchange refers to that portion of the countercurrent mechanism which results in a progressively increasing osmotic gradient in the juxtamedullary nephrons. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluids occurs first in the Entry field with correct answer proximal convoluted tubules. distal convoluted tubules. loop of Henle. glomerular capsule. collecting ducts.
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loop of Henle.
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Regulation of urine osmolarity occurs because of 1. countercurrent multiplication in the loop of Henle. 2. countercurrent exchange in the vasa recta. 3. countercurrent flow in the collecting ducts. Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 are correct 1, 2, and 3 are correct
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1 and 2 are correct
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In urea recycling, water reabsorption is promoted because of a buildup of urea in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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All of the following might be observed in a freshly voided normal urine sample EXCEPT Entry field with correct answer amber color. transparency. ammonia odor. pH 6.0. specific gravity 1.020.
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ammonia odor.
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Trace amounts of bilirubin and urobilinogen may be found in a normal urine sample. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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Which of the following might indicated abnormal kidney function? Entry field with incorrect answer creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter) glucose in the urine creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min and serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter) are both correct creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min, serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter), and glucose in the urine are all correct
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creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min
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Urea clearance is generally higher than creatinine clearance because urea is a waste product. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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When determining glomerular filtration rate, the ideal substance to monitor in the urine would be one which is both reabsorbed and secreted. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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Which of the following would be considered an ABNORMAL finding in a urinalysis? Entry field with correct answer urochrome transparent specific gravity 1.020 albumin pH of 6.0
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albumin
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Screening tests which detect the concentration of _____ in the blood are commonly used to provide information about kidney function. Entry field with correct answer glucose and insulin aldosterone and ADH sodium and potassium protein and amino acids blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
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blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
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Urine moves from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder because of 1. peristalsis. 2. gravity. 3. hydrostatic pressure. Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 are correct. 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
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1, 2, and 3 are correct.
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Micturition is the involuntary portion of urination. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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Which of the following statements is correct? Entry field with correct answer The female urethra extends from the internal to external urethral orifices. The male urethra is about 20cm long. Both the male and the female urethra contain transitional epithelium, stratified columnar epithelium, and stratified squamous epithelium. All of the statements are correct. None of the statements are correct.
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All of the statements are correct.
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The detrusor muscle has three layers; histologically, it is the intermediate muscularis of the bladder. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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The micturition reflex uses Entry field with correct answer parasympathetic impulses to contract the detrusor muscle and relax the internal urethral sphincter. parasympathetic impulses to relax the detrusor muscle and contract the internal urethral sphincter. parasympathetic impulses to relax both the internal and external urethral sphincters. sympathetic impulses to contract the detrusor muscle and relax the internal urethral sphincter. sympathetic impulses to relax the detrusor muscle and contract the internal urethral sphincter.
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parasympathetic impulses to contract the detrusor muscle and relax the internal urethral sphincter.
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Urge incontinence is most common in young and middle-aged females while stress incontinence is more common in the elderly. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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The lining of the urinary bladder is Entry field with correct answer nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium endothelium none of these choices
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none of these choices
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Both the lungs and the liver help to control blood levels of hydrogen ions. Entry field with correct answer True False
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False
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The ____________ of the embryo develops into nephrons. Entry field with correct answer pronephros mesonephros metanephric mesoderm metanephros ureteric bud
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metanephric mesoderm
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The ____________ of the embryo gives rise to collecting ducts, calyces, renal pelves, and ureters. Entry field with incorrect answer pronephros mesonephros metanephric mesoderm metanephros ureteric bud
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ureteric bud
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Three pairs of kidneys form in the intermediate mesoderm of the fetus. Entry field with correct answer True False
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True
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Which of the following statements accurately reflect aging of the kidneys? 1. The kidneys decrease in size. 2. Glomerular filtration rate decreases. 3. Renal blood flow decreases. Entry field with correct answer 1 only 2 only 3 only 1 and 2 are correct 1, 2, and 3 are correct
answer
1, 2, and 3 are correct
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Which does NOT occur with age? Entry field with incorrect answer decline in filtration rate increased blood flow to the kidneys because of high blood pressure greater chance of renal calculi decrease in detrusor muscle stability increase in polyuria and nocturia
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increased blood flow to the kidneys because of high blood pressure