Ch. 24: The Urinary System

*Mastering Labeling* Identify the structure labeled "c." Renal pyramid Renal cortex Renal pelvis Renal column

What urinary organ produces urine ? Ureter Urethra Kidney Bladder

What urinary organ transports urine from the kidney to the bladder? Bladder Urethra Ureter Kidney

What part of the kidney acts as a physical barrier to protect the kidney from infections? Renal corpuscle Renal capsule Renal papilla Adipose capsule

*Mastering Labeling* Identify the structure labeled "a." Glomerular capillaries Renal tubule Capsular space Glomerular capsule

*Mastering Labeling* Identify the structure labeled "c." Podocytes Glomerular capillaries Capsular space Glomerular capsule

What structures in the glomerular capsule interdigitate to form filtration slits? Podocytes Endothelium Renal tubules Simple squamous epithelial cells

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary tract? urethra ureters urinary bladder kidneys

Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system? urethra ureter kidney spleen

The right kidney sits ________ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver. superior posterior medial inferior

Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the: inferior vena cava. aorta. urethra. ureter.

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to: conserve or eliminate hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. regulate blood solute concentration. regulate removal of metabolic wastes. regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

*Mastering Labeling* The labeled cell is a __________. podocyte endothelial cell pedicel squamous epithelial cell of the parietal layer

*Mastering Labeling* Which of the following represents the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop? D C A B

*Mastering Labeling* The vasa recta is labeled ___________. A B D C

*Mastering Labeling* Art-Labeling Activity: A generalized nephron and collecting system

*Mastering Labeling* Art-Labeling Activity: Blood flow through the kidney

*Mastering Labeling* Art-Labeling Activity: Internal anatomy of the kidney including the nephron

The arteriole that delivers blood to the glomerulus is the __________. peritubular arteriole afferent arteriole interlobular arteriole efferent arteriole

The functional units of the kidneys are: nephrons. renal pyramids. glomeruli. renal sinuses.

In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located? renal cortex renal medulla renal sinus renal pelvis

Urine drains from a major calyx into: the renal pelvis. a papilla. a minor calyx. the renal tubule.

A glomerulus is: a hairpin loop segment of the renal tubule. the source of erythropoietin. a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. attached to the collecting duct.

Which of the following is the capillary bed fed by the afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole? peritubular capillaries macula densa cells vasa recta glomerulus

*Mastering Labeling* Identify the structure marked as "3." renal corpuscle proximal tubule collecting duct distal tubule

The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the: proximal tubule. collecting duct. nephron loop (loop of Henle). distal tubule.

Filtrate traveling through the renal tubule travels from the thick ascending limb to the: thin ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle). thick descending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle). distal tubule. proximal tubule.

The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells form the: filtration membrane. nephron loop (loop of Henle). renal corpuscle. juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA).

Urine dripping from a renal pyramid passes first into the major calyx then into the minor calyx. True False

The glomerulus is fed and drained by arterioles. True False

*Mastering Labeling* Filtration takes place at __________. C D A B

The process of filtration occurs in the: renal corpuscle. distal tubule. collecting duct. proximal tubule.

Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption? Tubular reabsorption removes toxins from the blood that was not filtered. Tubular reabsorption moves items from the peritubular capillary blood into the filtrate. Tubular reabsorption reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood. Tubular reabsorption moves blood plasma through the filtration membrane of the glomerular capillaries.

Filtrate and whole blood contain identical constituents. True False

Which of the following is NOT part of the filtration membrane? endothelial cells of the glomerulus filtration slits formed by podocytes basal lamina of the glomerulus squamous epithelial cells of the glomerular capsule

Calculate the NFP, if the GHP is 50 mm Hg, the GCOP is 30 mm Hg and the CHP is 15 mm Hg. NFP = 5 mm Hg NFP = 10 mm Hg NFP = 35 mm Hg NFP = 65 mm Hg

Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is created by: systemic blood pressure. proteins such as albumin in the blood. filtrate in the capsular space. fluids in the blood plasma.

The glomerular filtration rate is defined as: the amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during a 24-hour period. the rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood. the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute. the percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane.

A drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to: decreased blood pressure. increased blood volume. increased secretion of aldosterone. increased sodium reabsorption.

How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contribute to a decrease in blood volume and systemic blood pressure? ANP dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole. ANP constricts the afferent arteriole and dilates the efferent arteriole. ANP constricts both the afferent and efferent arterioles. ANP dilates both the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Most nutrients, such as glucose, are reabsorbed in the __________. proximal tubule glomerulus nephron loop distal tubule

Which of the following is true about tubular reabsorption? It involves carrier-mediated transport. It always happens via the paracellular route. It moves water and solute from the blood to the filtrate. It always involves active transport.

What is coupled with glucose reabsorption using a symporter in the early part of the proximal tubule? sodium ions hydrogen ions bicarbonate ions amino acids

The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate: blood pressure. blood solute concentration of sodium ions. blood volume. blood pH.

The thin descending limb of the nephron loop is freely permeable to __________. water bicarbonate ions urea sodium and chloride ions

Dilute urine is more likely to be produced when: the collecting system is permeable to water. the distal tubule is permeable to water. sodium and chloride ions are reabsorbed from the descending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle). antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is decreased.

Since the thin descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water, and not very permeable to solutes, the concentration of the filtrate will increase as it reaches the bottom of the loop. True False

The micturition reflex is initiated by __________. sympathetic fibers that stimulate the detrusor muscle stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder the detrusor muscle contractions and the internal urethral sphincter relaxing the micturition center in the pons

Which of the following is controlled voluntarily? opening of the external urethral sphincter urine production by the kidneys peristalsis in ureters opening of the internal urethral sphincter

The detrusor muscle __________. compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine is located in the renal pelvis moves urine through the ureters forms the external urethral sphincter

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the kidneys? A. regulation of acid-base balance B. hematopoiesis C. regulation of blood volume and blood pressure D. removal of metabolic wastes

A total of ________________blood we filter per day by our 2 kidneys: A. 5-6 Liters B. 30-40 Liters C. 170-180 Liters D. 10-20 liters

Place these vessels in the correct order as blood flows into and through the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. efferent arteriole 4. glomerulus 5. interlobar artery 6. interlobular (cortical radiate) artery 7. renal artery 8. segmental artery A. 7, 8, 5, 2, 6, 1, 4, 3 B. 7, 8, 6, 2, 5, 1, 5, 3 C. 7, 5, 8, 6, 2, 4, 3, 1 D. 7, 8, 2, 5, 6, 3, 4, 1

The indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the: A. calyx. B. hilum C. pelvis D. pyramids