Cardiovascular System

Transportation

Less than a pound and the size of a fist

Space between the lungs where the heart lies

The pointed end of the heart that rests on the diaphragm (it is directed toward the left hip)

Top part of the heart that is broad

Double-walled sac that the heart sits in and contains serous fluid between the layers to prevent friction

Inflammation of the pericardium that results in the decrease in the serous fluid

1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium

A thin sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers, it is continuous with the linings of the blood vessels (innermost layer of the heart wall)

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Receiving chambers, blood comes into the heart

Superior

Bottom chambers that send out blood

Divides the heart longitudinally

The Right Side

The veins that bring in blood from the upper and lower parts of the body to the heart

Carry blood to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. (Takes blood to the lungs)

Vein that brings blood back from the lungs to the heart

the largest artery in the body that sends out oxygenated blood to the body

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Allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers (from the atria through the ventricles)

Between the atrial and the ventricular chambers on each side.

They prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract

Bicuspid or mitral valve

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Tricuspid Valve

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Set of valves that guards the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers

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three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)

three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)

During heart relaxation

During heart relaxation

When the valve flaps become stiff

Bacterial infection of endocardium (Enlarges Heart)

Branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart

When the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and results in a crushing chest pain.

Heart Attack, heart cells die because of prolonges oxygen deprivation

They carry high pressure

It pushed the body's supply of 6 quarts of blood (6 liters) through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning it actually pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day.

1. Autonomic Nervous System 2. Intrinsic Factor

Sets the basic rhythm

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Right Atrium

At the junction of the atria and the ventricles

the pacemaker of the heart

Spread within the muscle of the ventricle walls

1st the SA node (a tiny cell mass) starts each heartbeat and sets the pace. 2nd From the SA node, the impulses spreads through the atria to the AV node to cause a contraction 3rd Once the AV node is finished contracting it is passed though the AV bundle, the bundle of his, the bundle braches and the purkinjie fibers.

When the SA and AV nodes are not communicating and when there is damage to the SA node

Slower heart rate

Lack of blood supply to the heart muscle

A rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle, major cause of death in heart attacks

Rapid Heart Beat (over 100 beats per minute)

Slow Hear Beat (less than 60 beats per minute)

When the ventricles contract

When the ventricles relax

Abnormal or unusual heart beat because blood is flowing backwards

The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart (actually each ventricle) in one minute

A progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart

Clogging of the coronary vessels with fatty buildup

Blood vessels become swollen with blood, fluid leaks from the circulation into the lung tissue, if untreated a person suffocates

Shortness of breath

From heart to arteries, to aterioles, to capillary beds. These drain into venules, which goes back to heart in veins, then through the venae cava into heart

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

the smallest arteries that connect with the capillaries

a network of capillaries

small veins

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

3 coats

They are continuously changing pressure

Farther

Prevent backflow of blood (contained in veins)

the pooling of blood in the feet and legs and inefficient venous return resulting from inactivity or pressure on the veins, the overworked valves give way

Inflammation of a vein that results when a clot forms in a vessel with poor circulation

When a blood clot detaches and ends up in , clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Largest artery in the body

the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle

Right and Left coronary arteries

Serves the brain

serves the skin and muscles of the head and neck

The first branch of the abdominal aorta, it is a single vessel with 3 branches

supplies the stomach

Supplies the spleen

Supplies the liver

Serves the kidneys

Serves the ovaries or testes

artery at the knee

At the ankle bone

At the top of the foot

Where the veins draining from the head and arms empty into

On the right atrium

Where veins draining the lower body empty into (below the diaphragm)

Single vein that drains the thorax

The longest veins in the body (used for open heart surgery)

receives blood from skin and muscles of head

receives blood from the arm though the axillary vein

Site for blood removal for blood testing, anterior aspect of the elbow

Serves the brain stem and the cerebellum as it travels upward

Circle of Willis

Blood vessels that surround the base of the brain, protecting the brain and providing more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue

Drains the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas and deliver this blood to the liver through the hepatic portal vein

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Arterial Pulse and Blood Pressure and Respiratory Rate

A pressure wave that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle

70-75

Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt

The pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels, it is the only force that keeps blood circulating continuously even between heartbeats

Pressure wave of blood that can only be felt in the arteries.

The pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction

The pressure when the ventricles are relaxing.

Millimeters of mercury (mm/Hg)

The amount of friction the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels

Narrowing of the blood, the major action of the sympathetic nervous system

Regulate blood pressure by altering blood volume

1. Neural Factors: Autonomic Nervous System 2. Renal Factors:Kidneys 3. Temperature 4. Chemicals 5. Diet

Cold has a vasoconstricting effect while heat has a vasodilating effect

Drugs, Alcohol, Nicotine can increase blood pressure causing vasocontriction

Foods low in salt and sodium can help to prevent hypertention

110-140 mm Hg

70-80 mm Hg

Low blood pressure with a systolic below 100 mm Hg

Temporary Low Pressure from suddenly changing positions

High Blood Pressure that is 140/90 of higher

90%