APUSH Chapter 21 Vocab/significance

23 August 2022
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American exceptionalism
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The idea that the United States has a unique destiny to foster democracy and civilization on the world stage.
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"Remember the Maine"
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New York Journal rallied its readers to "Remember the Maine," galvanizing popular support for the U.S. war against Spain. Stirred up yellow journalism. Lead McKinley to declare war.
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Teller Amendment
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An amendment to the 1898 U.S. declaration of war against Spain disclaiming any intention by the United States to occupy Cuba. The amendment assured the public that the United States would uphold democracy abroad as well as at home.
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Insular Cases
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A set of Supreme Court rulings in 1901 that declared that the U.S. Constitution did not automatically extend citizenship to people in acquired territories; not all inhabitants have US citizen rights.
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Platt Amendment
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1902 amendment tot he Cuban constitution that blocked Cuba from making a treaty with any country except the United States and gave the United States ability to control Guantanamo Bay
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Open door policy
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A claim put forth by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay that all nations seeking to do business in China should have equal trade access.
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Root-Takahira Agreement
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A 1908 agreement between the United States and Japan confirming principles of free oceanic commerce and uphold Open Door Policy in Japan.
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Panama Canal
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allowed for rapid access to two oceans, A canal across the Isthmus of Panama connecting trade between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and opened in 1914, the canal gave U.S. naval vessels quick access to the Pacific and provided the United States with a commanding position in the Western Hemisphere.
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Roosevelt Corollary
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The 1904 assertion by President Theodore Roosevelt that the United States would act as a "policeman" in the Caribbean region and intervene in the affairs of nations that were guilty of "wrongdoing or impotence" in order to protect U.S. interests in Latin America, so Europe wouldn't intervene
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Zimmermann telegram
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A 1917 intercepted dispatch in which German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman urged Mexico to join the Central Powers and promised that if the United States entered the war, Germany would help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Published by American newspapers, the telegram outraged the American public and help precipitate the move toward U.S. entry in the war on the Allied side.
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War Industries Board
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A federal board established in July 1917 to direct military production, including allocation of resources, conversion of factories to war production, and setting of prices
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National War Labor Board
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A federal agency founded in 1918 that established an eight-hour day for war workers (with time-and-a-half pay for overtime), endorsed equal pay for women, and supported workers' right to organize.
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Committee on Public Information
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An organization set up by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I to increase support for America's participation in the war. The CPI was a national propaganda machine that helped create a political climate intolerant of dissent.
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Four-Minute Men
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Name given to thousands of volunteers enlisted by the Committee on Public Information to deliver short prowar speeches at movie theaters, as part of an effort to galvanize public support for the war and suppress dissent.
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Sedition Act of 1918
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Wartime law that prohibited any words or behavior that might promote resistance to the United States or help in the cause of its enemies.
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Great Migration
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The migration of over 400,000 African Americans from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North during and after World War I.
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National Woman's Party
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a political party founded in 1916 that fought for an Equal Rights Amendment to the US Constitution in the early 20th century.
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Fourteen Points
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Principles for a new world order proposed in 1919 by President Woodrow Wilson as a basis for peace negotiations at Versailles. Among them were open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, territorial integrity, arms reduction, national self-determination, and creation of the League of Nations.
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League of Nations
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international regulatory body, Wilson's idea, The international organization bringing together world governments to prevent future hostilities, proposed by President Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of World War I. Although the League of Nations did form, the United States never became a member state.
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Treaty of Versailles
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The 1919 treaty that ended World War I. The agreement redrew the map of the world, assigned Germany sole responsibility for the war, and saddled it with a debt of $33 billion in war damages. Its long-term impact around the globe β€” including the creation of British and French imperial "mandates" β€” was catastrophic.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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an American politician, author, naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who served as the 26th President of the United States.He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the Progressive Party insurgency of 1912.
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Alfred Mahan
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a United States Navy admiral, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century."
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Queen Liliuokalani
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the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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first President of the Phillipines, leader in Phillipine Revolution against Spain
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Porfirio Diaz
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Mexican soldier and politician, who served seven terms as President of Mexico.
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Woodrow Wilson
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the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 and leader of the Progressive Movement.
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Herbert Hoover
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the 31st President of the United States. He was a professional mining engineer, and was raised as a Quaker.
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Alice Paul
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an American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and the main leader and strategist of the 1910s campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.