APUSH Ch 14: The Civil War

formal separation from an alliance or federation

A last ditch effort of compromise to stop secession submitted by Senator John J. Crittenden; called for the guaranteed existence of slavery in slave states and a to reestablish the Missouri Commpromise line.

Permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to claim 160 acres of public land and to purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years

Created a new national banking system. Existing or newly formed banks could join if they had enough capital and invested one-third of it in government securities. They could issue U.S. treasury notes as currency in return.

Controversial paper money that was being printed and was not backed by silver or gold

July 1863 after the Battle at Gettysburg, mobs of Irish working-class men and women roamed the streets for four days until federal troops suppressed them. They loathed the idea of being drafted to fight a war on behalf of slaves who, once freed, would compete with them for jobs. They also resented the fact that wealthy men could pay $300 to hire someone to serve in their place.

Supreme court ruling that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available.

Election in which Lincoln defeated George McClellan and John C. Fremont, getting reelected for his second term as president.

Lincoln announces his intention to use his war powers to issue an executive order freeing all slaves in the Confederacy

Subjected all white males between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five to military service for three years.

Union general who sharled Lincoln's belief in making enemy armies and resources, not enemy territory, the target of military efforts.

New technology during the Civil War --wooden ships with metal armor were employed by both sides during the Civil War. Examples of this type of ship were the CSS Merrimac and the USS Monitor. These ships replaced wooden ships, which had previously fleeted the navy.

Weapons introduced during the Civil War that could fire off far more rounds per minute than earlier weapons. They dramaticaly increased the casualty rates on both sides and helped usher in the age of "modern warfare"

The most violent battle of the Civil war resulting in many casualties for the Confederacry and a major turning point in the war for the Union

A sixty-mile-wide swath of destruction across Georgia to deprive the Confederate army of war materials and railroad communications and break the will of the Southern people by burning towns and plantations. This led to the surrender of Savannah.

The confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession form the Union., South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana in 1861. Defended slavery. Dissolved in 1865, after being defeated.

First A fort in Charleston, SC, which was bombarded by the Confederates. This opened the Civil War

passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges.

April 9, 1865 General Lee surrendered to General Grant at the Appomattox Court house. Sherman marched north. Lee headed southwest and hopes to go to New York. The Results: War is over after 4 years, Union preserved, and the slaves were free. Grant allowed the Confederates to keep their arms and return home.

Since there was a decline in enlistments, Congress passed this in March 1863. Virtually all young adult males were eligible to be drafted; but a man could escape service by hiring someone to go in his place or by paying the government a fee of $300. (Resentments led to New York City Draft Riots)

A judicial principle that states that a person cannot be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Lincoln suspened this right during the war and his critics claimed it was a blatant abuse of presidential power.

Northerners who opposed the American Civil War. Considered traitors by others in the North, they favored immediate peace with the Confederacy.

A law that declared that all rebel property used in war, including slaves, could be confiscated and declared that confiscated slaves were free forever.

an organization formed by the people of the North to cooperate with and supplement the medical department of the Union armies during the Civil War.

1826-85, Appointed by Lincoln to head the Union army of the East; Lincoln was frustrated when he failed to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, so he fired him., Lincoln's first choice for commander of the Union forces/ he prepared the men well, but he would never attack. Participated in the First Battle of Bull Run and Second Battle of Bull Run.

American general who led the Confederate Armies in the American Civil War (1807-1870), who did not support succession but was loyal to his home state of Virginia; won many important battles, such as the First Battle of Bull Run, but surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse.

Diplomatic measures undertaken by the Confederate States of America to gain the support of Great Britain and other foreign nations during the Civil War. It was so called because the Confederacy's principal negotiating leverage was the export of cotton required by European mills.

the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation

1820--91, American Union commander during the Civil War. He led the victorious march through Georgia (1864), becoming commander of the army in 1869

These two federally chartered corporations were created in order to achieve the dream of having a transcontinental railroad. The government provided free public lands and generous loans to the companies.