APUSH (12-15)

While the American Warships were out manned in numbers, they made up for it in Firepower. Despite superior numbers, the American Navy ships were successful because of their greater physical size and for the most part heavier cannon and guns.

US won, Andrew Jackson

Repeal 3/5 compromise, financial assistance from Washington for last trade, 2/3 majorities Congress vote for declarations, war, and embargos

Did not change too much, the war was quite small. It did, however, bring on a newfound respect for America

It was a relatively small war that included the death of 6000 Americans. No land gained or lost. Manufacturing prospered due to blockades. Treaty established border between US and Canada. Nationalism and respect arose for America

Washington Irving (Legend of the Sleepy Hollow) and James Fennimore Cooper (last of the Mohicans)

Rush-bagot agreement: severely limited naval armament on lakes

Designed to protect US industry, 20-25% tax on dutiable imports

The major cause of the Panic of 1819 was irresponsible banking policies. The Second Bank of the United States offered bad loans and paper money, then changed to more conservative credit policies, especially in the western states where state loans had been made to land speculators. When the Second Bank of the United States called in its loans the state banks began foreclosing on the heavily mortgaged farms and business properties they had financed. The land speculators were unable to pay the bank loans which then caused the banks to fail and wipe out their depositors. Other causes that contributed to the Panic of 1819 included falling prices, a slumping cotton market in the south, and an influx of goods from foreign countries, all of which triggered widespread unemployment. (*Transition from a colonial commercial economy to laissez-faire (hands off) capitalism (susceptible to boom and bust))

Missouri was admitted as slave state, Maine admitted as a free state, New states north of 36/30 line would be free, new states south would be slave (Neither party too happy, but they settled)

very loosely, still holding on to Federalists views (powerful central government)

George Canning - British foreign secretary - joint declaration renouncing interest in Latin America. JQ Adams - British fear we would eventually take Spanish territory and jeopardize British Caribbean. Monroe Doctrine says: 1) non-colonization 2) nonintervention. Aimed towards British, Spanish, and Russians in NW. Basically says: Keep monarchs out of North America - colonization is over! (we own America)

His party was filled with brawls, spiked punch, and broken furniture. The party went on for days and was open to the public. This symbolizes the fact that he is more of a commoner. (He was am uneducated country boy)

Rewards political supporters with office (If you help him get elected, then you get a job in the government)

South

John C. Calhoun. It argued that SC has the right to nullify the president.

They needed to get at least 2/3 votes, but jackson threatened to hang them; thus, it did not get nullified

Jackson claimed that if he needed to use military force to collect tariff that he would

Henry Clay. Reduce tariff 10% in the next 8 years

1830 Indian removal act, 100,000+ Indians were forced to move west

He ignored the supreme court ruling (seen as unconstitutional and un-American)

They all hated Jackson

Spain sold land to Stephen F. Austin, but slavery kept it from becoming a state

Most of the population was spreading west. By 1860, there were 33 states, 43 cities- each with over 20,000 people

The nativists resented the Irish, because they were Catholic, illiterate. A nativist is someone who was born (not an Indian) in America.

They were much wealthier, and they came because of a civil war in their homeland (as opposed to a famine). They contributed to culture and education greatly

Samuel Slater (he is the one who ran away from Britain and told all the secrets to the Americans so they could be successful)

Cotton gin, interchangeable parts, assembly line

women and children (50%)

Women worked before they got married. Then they gradually moved into the homes and that became where they worked

North and East- textiles and manufacturing to South. South- cotton to NE. West- grain and livestock to East and Europe

Market revolution- Self-supported farms changed to modern and specialty-driven. Gap between rich and poor widened. Standard of living rose.

¾ of population attended church. Deism-rejected original sin, denied Christ's divinity, ordered universe by Supreme Being. Thomas Paine The age of Reason (1794). Unitarians-no trinity-free will and salvation through works. Methodist and Baptists-personal conversion and democracy in church affairs. Charles Finney and Peter Cartwright-revival preachers traveled and spoke at 'camp meetings'. Burned over district-New York area full of preachers of "hellfire" sermons. Adventists (Millerites)- predicted Jesus return in 1844. Religious groups divided regionally and issue-wise. South vs. North/wealthy vs. Poor/ Slavery.

He developed Mormon faith (Controversial beliefs: polygamy, militia, voting units. Smith arrested and killed-Brigham Young takes over as successor. Went to settle land in Utah-polygamist views prevented statehood.)

Mental institution reform of 1843- have mental institutions actually help people (not be like prison)

Civil War

Oneida

painting landscapes

Scarlet letter-Nathaniel Hawthorne, Moby Dick- Herman Melville, Hiawatha- henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Since nationalism developed from the war of 1812 there was an increase in culture, and literature grew from that.