A&P II Chapter 17 Reading

Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume? erythrocytes platelets plasma leukocytes

What is a hematocrit? Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample.

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma. They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma.

Which of the following is NOT regulated by the blood? pH level nutrient levels body temperature fluid volume

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? hormone production protection distribution regulation

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood? erythrocytes platelets albumin leukocytes

Which of the following plasma proteins is improperly matched with its function? fibrinogen: clotting alpha globulin: transport of metal ions and fat-soluble vitamins gamma globulins: lipid transport albumin: osmotic pressure

Which of the following would NOT be a characteristic of normal blood? pH of 7.4 5 million RBC per microliter less viscous than water sticky texture

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should NOT be in the plasma portion of the sample? electrolytes platelets albumin fibrinogen

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting? albumin beta globulins alpha globulins fibrinogen

Which of the formed elements is present in the greatest concentration? erythrocytes granular leukocytes platelets agranular leukocytes

Athletes who choose to use industry-produced EPO as a performance-enhancing drug to increase the effects of their naturally-produced EPO, will experience ______. decreased production of EPO by their kidneys decreased erythropoiesis decreased reticulocyte counts None of the listed responses is correct.

Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? Erythrocytes are nucleated cells. Erythrocytes are cell fragments. Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels.

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases? albumin hemoglobin antibodies fibrinogen

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? reduced availability of oxygen a high hematocrit excess oxygen in the bloodstream too many platelets

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport? iron amino acids of the globin heme group spectrin

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? two four eight

During which phase in erythrocyte development does the color of hemoglobin overcome the color of the stained ribosomes? phase 1 phase 2 phase 3

What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called? polychromatic erythroblast hemopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) reticulocyte proerythroblast

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? bone marrow lungs liver kidneys

What part of the hemoglobin molecule is eventually metabolized to stercobilin in the feces? globin iron transferrin a portion of the heme group

What erythrocyte production disorder results from an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption? aplastic anemia renal anemia pernicious anemia hemorrhagic anemia

Suppose that an individual injects himself with erythropoietin in order to raise his level of endurance, an act that is usually illegal in competitive sports. Which of the following could result? polycythemia a lower hematocrit reduced tendency for blood to clot decreased blood viscosity

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? testosterone erythropoietin a drop in normal blood oxygen levels hyperventilating

Mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus.

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin. It can bind a maximum of three oxygen molecules. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue. It is found in the plasma portion of blood.

Bilirubin is created when red blood cells are recycled. How is it removed from the blood stream? the liver the pancreas the spleen the kidneys

Which of the following is correctly matched? hemolytic anemia: results from inadequate iron intake hemorrhagic anemia: red blood cells rupture aplastic anemia: results from excessive blood loss pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

Abnormally low levels of erythrocytes caused by excessive bleeding is called______. sickle-cell anemia hemorrhagic anemia thalassemia polycythemia

In a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy, the decision to utilize a CSF capable of specifically stimulating the production of only the granular leukocytes would require that the CSF acts exclusively on ______. lymphoid stem cells myeloid stem cells myeloblasts lymphoblasts

Blood is a type of connective tissue. What primary germ layer is responsible for producing both blood and phagocytic brain glial cells? ectoderm mesoderm endoderm periderm

When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? basophils eosinophils lymphocytes neutrophils

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? lymphocytes eosinophils basophils monocytes

Identify the leukocytes in the figure in order. monocyte, eosinophil, lymphocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil eosinophil, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, lymphocyte neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte

Which of these develops from lymphoid stem cells? monocytes lymphocytes erythrocytes granulocytes

Which cells of the myeloid stem cell pathway have accumulated granules? myeloblasts myelocytes monocytes promyelocytes

From which cell do the granulocytes descend? myeloblast lymphoid stem cell promonocyte monoblast

On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a(n) __________. basophil monocyte lymphocyte eosinophil

Which granulated leukocyte is most likely to be active during a bacterial infection? monocytes basophils neutrophils lymphocytes

All lymphocytes are also leukocytes.

Which of the following is NOT a functional characteristic of leukocytes? positive chemotaxis leukocytosis diapedesis amoeboid motion

Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies? neutrophil basophil eosinophil lymphocyte

Which of the following leukocyte is NOT correctly matched with its function? eosinophil: bacterial macrophage monocytes: macrophage lymphocytes: immune response against viral infections basophils: inflammation

What part of the pathway to produce platelets is shared with other formed elements? reticulocyte megakaryoblast hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) lymphoid stem cell

Which of the following best explains how platelets enter the blood? They are formed in the spleen and are released directly into the blood. They are formed in and released by the thymus. They form in the blood itself as it passes through the lungs. They are passed through the wall of a bone marrow capillary.

Which formed element can be described as membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic fragments? monocytes erythrocytes lymphocytes platelets

What factor stimulates platelet formation? plasmin thrombopoietin interleukin 2 erythropoietin

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of platelets in hemostatic reactions? Platelets release chemicals that attract and bind other platelets. Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation. Platelets do not stick to intact endothelial cells. Platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibers.

During which event of hemostasis do clotting factors (procoagulants) assist with the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel? A B C D

What "clot buster" enzyme removes unneeded clots after healing has occurred during fibrinolysis? plasminogen thrombin plasmin fibrin

Which of the following would NOT lead to a bleeding disorder? thrombocytopenia impaired liver function excess calcium in the diet vitamin K deficiency

Which step in hemostasis involves activation of formed elements in the blood? vascular spasm platelet plug formation coagulation fibrin production

Hemostasis is important for __________. stoppage of bleeding white blood cell production red blood cell production red blood cell recycling

Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways? One is triggered by tissue damage, while the other cannot be triggered by tissue damage. One is faster than the other. One involves calcium ions, while the other does not. One leads to the production of prothrombin activator and the other does not.

Digesting a clot after it is formed requires activation of what plasma protein by tPA? plasminogen plasmin thrombin fibrinogen

What protein involved in coagulation provides the activation for the final step in clotting? thrombin fibrin fibrinogen prothrombin activator

During erythroblastosis fetalis, a Rh- mother's anti-Rh antibodies that have crossed the placenta will cause agglutination of the fetus's Rh+ RBCs. However, the reverse problem never happens when a Rh+ mother is pregnant with a Rh- fetus, that is, antibodies produced by the fetus cannot cause agglutination of the mother's Rh+ RBCs. This is true because ______. agglutinins are physically too large to pass across the placenta fetal antibodies are immature and non-functional antibodies that can cause this agglutination are not produced by a fetus the placenta is a barrier that prevents the passage of all antigens

AB blood type is the universal blood recipient because of that type's lack of agglutinogens.

Choose the incompatible transfusion. Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type A blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood.

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________. B A O AB

Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? AB-negative female pregnant with an AB-negative baby A-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby O-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby

Which statement is true? Type A blood cannot be given to people with type B blood. Type AB is the universal donor. Type O is the universal recipient. A person with type AB blood does produce agglutinins.

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal recipient? O AB B A

A patient has a suspected electrolyte imbalance, what blood test would reveal an electrolyte imbalance? platelet count differential white blood cell count Complete Blood Count (CBC) Comprehensive Medical Panel (CMP)

Which of the following sets of measurements from Harold's CBC does his doctor use to evaluate his body's ability to oxygenate his tissues?

Which of the following sets of measurements from Harold's CBC does his doctor use to evaluate the health of his immune system?

Doctors have determined that Harold is anemic. Which of the following pieces of evidence directly supports this diagnosis?

Based on Harold's history of gastritis, his doctor ordered a blood test in order to measure his levels of vitamin B12. Which of the following explains why his doctor would take this action?

There are many different types of anemia. Based on the evidence in this case, what type of anemia does Harold likely have?

Harold's doctor noted that he was experiencing a mild tachycardia. Which of the following best explains why Harold would be experiencing tachycardia in this case?

The three types of formed elements of blood are ________.

The two most abundant components of whole blood, in order of most abundant and second-most abundant, are _________.

Maggie's cuts are successfully treated, and the physician elects not to transfuse any blood products. A week later she visits her primary physician to have her sutures removed, and her hematocrit has improved. Calculate this HCT: the total volume is 5 ml, and the plasma volume is 3.4 ml. Is it normal?

Assuming all of the following fluid-replacement options are equal (with respect to risks, availability, and cost), which would be the most optimal for Maggie when you consider her significant blood loss?

A test tube of Maggie's blood goes unused in the lab, and the stagnant blood coagulates. This is due to which pathway of blood clotting?

In the laboratory, the technician determines Maggie's blood type. Maggie's blood agglutinates in anti-A antibodies, but has no reaction in anti-B or anti-D antibodies. What is Maggie's blood type?

What blood type(s) can Maggie safely receive?

If Maggie needed a blood transfusion immediately upon her arrival to the ED, before her blood type could be established, what type could be safely transfused?

The infusion of mismatched blood causes a "transfusion reaction" in which the infused RBCs go through __________.